Table 2.

Northern California. Ixodes pacificus disease models. (GLMMs for B. burgdorferi s.l., R. tillamookensis and B. miyamotoi NIS, with fragmentation metrics as predictor variables. The B. burgdorferi s.l. model only includes a wildlife variable and therefore uses lagged infection statuses, while the R. tillamookensis and B. miyamotoi models only incorporate a landscape variable and therefore are not lagged. The landscape variables are shown in regular font while the wildlife predictors are italicized. These models had zero-inflated binomial distributions. Site and year were included as random effects. The B. burgdorferi s.l. NIS model includes infection data from 2018, 2019, 2020, the R. tillamookensis model includes data from 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, and the B. miyamotoi model uses data from 2018 and 2021 owing to testing capacity constraints in other years. The level of significance is denoted with asterisks for each predictor (**p‐value < 0.01; *p‐value < 0.05).)

variable	estimate	s.e.	z-value	p‐value
(lagged) nymphal infection status (NIS)—B. burgdorferi s.l.
(relative) rodent richness	0.61	0.23	2.72	0.0065**
Nymphal infection status (NIS)—R. tillamookensis
(log of) Euclidean distance to intact habitats	−0.58	0.32	−1.81	0.0708
Nymphal infection status (NIS)—B. miyamotoi
(log of) host community cost-distance to intact forest	−0.19	0.10	−1.99	0.0466*