Table 1.
Baseline Demographic, Clinical, and Echocardiographic Characteristics According to Quartiles of Residual Post-TEER TMPG at Discharge
|
P Value |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 283) | Quartile 1 (n = 65) | Quartile 2 (n = 67) | Quartile 3 (n = 84) | Quartile 4 (n = 67) | Overall | Q4 vs Q1-3 | |
| Demographics and clinical characteristics | |||||||
| Age (y) | 76.7 ± 10.8 | 79.6 ± 10.1 | 77.1 ± 10.7 | 76.6 ± 10.8 | 76.7 ± 10.8 | 0.023 | 0.010 |
| Women (%) | 121 (42.8%) | 22 (33.8%) | 22 (32.8%) | 42 (50.0%) | 35 (52.2%) | 0.028 | 0.073 |
| Caucasian (%) | 222 (78.4%) | 40 (75.4%) | 55 (82.1%) | 67 (79.8%) | 51 (76.1%) | 0.756 | 0.596 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 6.0 | 24.3 ± 4.7 | 25.7 ± 5.3 | 26.8 ± 6.1 | 27.6 ± 7.1 | 0.010 | 0.023 |
| STS risk MV repair | 5.4 ± 5.6 | 5.1 ± 4.1 | 5.5 ± 4.6 | 4.9 ± 4.5 | 5.9 ± 7.6 | 0.683 | 0.427 |
| STS risk MV replacement | 7.4 ± 6.6 | 6.9 ± 4.8 | 7.4 ± 5.9 | 6.7 ± 5.1 | 8.4 ± 9.9 | 0.512 | 0.288 |
| Prior surgical ring (%) | 25 (8.8%) | 2 (3.1%) | 2 (3.0%) | 12 (14.3%) | 9 (13.4%) | 0.016 | 0.129 |
| Hypertension (%) | 198 (70.0%) | 46 (70.8%) | 48 (71.6%) | 58 (69.0%) | 46 (68.7%) | 0.978 | 0.789 |
| Diabetes (%) | 75 (26.5%) | 12 (18.5%) | 13 (19.4%) | 26 (31.0%) | 24 (35.8%) | 0.052 | 0.048 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 104 (36.7%) | 28 (43.1%) | 23 (34.3%) | 28 (33.3%) | 25 (37.3%) | 0.633 | 0.913 |
| Prior PCI (%) | 51 (18.1%) | 17 (26.6%) | 13 (19.4%) | 10 (11.9%) | 11 (16.4%) | 0.140 | 0.596 |
| Prior CABG (%) | 61 (21.6%) | 13 (20.0%) | 11 (16.4%) | 21 (25.0%) | 16 (23.9%) | 0.584 | 0.204 |
| Prior myocardial infarction (%) | 67 (23.7%) | 20 (30.85) | 16 (23.9%) | 19 (22.6%) | 12 (17.9%) | 0.377 | 0.685 |
| Prior stroke (%) | 37 (13.1%) | 7 (10.8%) | 11 (16.4%) | 8 (9.5%) | 11 (16.4%) | 0.466 | 0.353 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter (%) | 165 (58.3%) | 37 (59.9%) | 48 (71.6%) | 51 (60.7%) | 29 (43.3%) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Prior pacemaker or ICD (%) | 83 (29.3%) | 16 (24.6%) | 21 (31.1%) | 23 (27.4%) | 23 (34.3%) | 0.617 | 0.304 |
| Dialysis (%) | 20 (7.1%) | 4 (6.2%) | 4 (6.0%) | 4 (4.8%) | 8 (11.9%) | 0.347 | 0.075 |
| Serum hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.5 ± 2.2 | 12.3 ± 2.0 | 11.4 ± 2.4 | 11.4 ± 1.8 | 11.0 ± 2.3 | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 (1.0-1.7) | 1.1 (0.9-1.5) | 1.3 (1.0-1.7) | 1.2 (1.0-1.8) | 1.2 (1.0-1.9) | 0.430 | 0.971 |
| Prior 2-week NYHA functional class (%) | 0.628 | 0.236 | |||||
| I | 8 (2.9%) | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (1.6%) | 1 (1.2%) | 4 (6.1%) | ||
| II | 49 (17.7%) | 10 (15.9%) | 12 (18.8%) | 17 (20.2%) | 10 (15.2%) | ||
| III | 183 (66.1%) | 41 (65.1%) | 42 (65.6%) | 59 (70.2%) | 41 (62.1%) | ||
| IV | 37 (13.4%) | 10 (15.9%) | 9 (14.1%) | 7 (8.3%) | 11 (16.7%) | ||
| Echocardiographic characteristics | |||||||
| Etiology of MR (%) | 0.421 | 0.300 | |||||
| Primary | 157 (55.5%) | 42 (64.6%) | 33 (49.3%) | 50 (59.5%) | 32 (47.8%) | ||
| Secondary | 111 (39.2%) | 20 (30.8%) | 31 (46.3%) | 30 (35.7%) | 30 (44.8%) | ||
| Mixed | 15 (5.3%) | 3 (4.6%) | 3 (4.5%) | 4 (4.8%) | 5 (7.5%) | ||
| Baseline MR severity (%) | 0.264 | 0.780 | |||||
| Moderate-to-severe | 54 (19.1%) | 14 (21.5%) | 17 (25.4%) | 11 (13.1%) | 12 (17.9%) | ||
| Severe | 229 (80.9%) | 51 (78.5%) | 50 (74.6%) | 73 (86.9%) | 55 (82.1%) | ||
| Baseline TMPG (mm Hg) | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 3.2 ± 1.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Baseline mitral valve area, cm2 | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 1.6 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 0.014 | 0.013 |
| MAC (%) | 0.032 | 0.007 | |||||
| None | 199 (70.3%) | 53 (81.5%) | 47 (70.1%) | 58 (69.0%) | 41 (61.2%) | ||
| Mild | 53 (18.7%) | 11 (16.9%) | 15 (22.4%) | 16 (19.0%) | 11 (16.4%) | ||
| Moderate | 18 (6.4%) | 1 (1.5%) | 2 (3.0%) | 7 (8.3%) | 8 (11.9%) | ||
| Severe | 13 (4.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (4.5%) | 3 (3.6%) | 7 (10.4%) | ||
| LVEF (%) | 51.4 ± 14.7 | 52.0 ± 14.0 | 51.0 ± 15.1 | 51.9 ± 14.6 | 50.5 ± 15.0 | 0.917 | 0.582 |
| LA volume index (mL/m2) | 63.3 ± 26.6 | 66.1 ± 28.6 | 65.2 ± 28.5 | 62.1 ± 23.4 | 61.2 ± 26.6 | 0.670 | 0.411 |
| LVEDVi (mL/m2) | 87.8 ± 36.8 | 95.5 ± 45.8 | 88.5 ± 31.3 | 85.5 ± 28.1 | 83.9 ± 44.5 | 0.718 | 0.542 |
| LVESVi (mL/m2) | 45.2 ± 28.2 | 46.7 ± 27.8 | 49.5 ± 31.6 | 41.0 ± 22.0 | 46.7 ± 33.8 | 0.708 | 0.823 |
| PA systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 52.8 ± 17.7 | 50.4 ± 16.8 | 47.6 ± 15.5 | 55.9 ± 17.4 | 56.2 ± 19.5 | 0.019 | 0.101 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation severity (%) | 0.277 | 0.364 | |||||
| None/trace | 69 (24.4%) | 12 (18.5%) | 12 (17.9%) | 25 (29.8%) | 20 (29.9%) | ||
| Mild | 105 (37.1%) | 29 (44.6%) | 31 (46.3%) | 26 (31.0%) | 19 (28.4%) | ||
| Moderate | 80 (28.3%) | 15 (23.1%) | 18 (26.9%) | 26 (31.0%) | 21 (31.3%) | ||
| Severe | 29 (10.2%) | 9 (13.8%) | 6 (9.0%) | 7 (8.3%) | 7 (10.4%) | ||
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (IQR).
BMI = body mass index; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; ICD = intracardiac cardioverter defibrillator; LA = left atrium; LVEDVi = left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESVi = left ventricular end-systolic volume index; MAC = mitral annular calcification; MR = mitral regurgitation; MV = mitral valve; PA = pulmonary artery; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; STS = Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TEER = transcatheter edge-to-edge repair; TMPG = transmitral pressure gradient.