Table 5.

Modalities of choice for screening hearing loss in older adults with cognitive impairment

	Screening options
Basic option	Bedside tests [21]
	- 512-Hz and 1024-Hz tuning fork
	- Finger rub
	- Whispered voice
	Otoacoustic emission (OAE) [19]
	Air conduction screening audiometry [21]
	Mobile-based screening test e.g., SHOEBOX QuickTest [22]
Alternative options for obtaining hearing threshold	Auditory brainstem response (ABR) [19]
	Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) [18]
	Cortical automatic threshold estimation (CATE) [20]
Considerations for older adults with cognitive impairment	Provide concise and simple instructions
	Kindly ensure patient to bring their best corrected glasses for optimum vision
	Allocate ample time for the appointment and test, allowing flexibility to accommodate breaks if necessary
	Evaluate the patient’s cognitive status to perform properly hearing assessment