•In clinical trials, the percentage of patients discontinuing treatment with ocrelizumab due to adverse events was low; however, real-world populations are often more diverse than clinical trials.

•Therefore, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify discontinuation and persistence data for ocrelizumab in real-world studies of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS).

•The majority of identified studies reported real-world persistence data that appear to be similar to or better than in the pivotal clinical trials, with only 1 study reporting higher discontinuation rates due to adverse events compared with the clinical trials.

•These findings have clinical relevance, as improved clinical outcomes and lower care costs are associated with better persistence or adherence in studies assessing other disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).