Table 1.
Summary of the included studies on sCA.
| First Author | Year | BP direction | Method measure CBF(v) | Method measure BP | Method to change BP | Baseline BP (mmHg) | Baseline CBF | End BP | End CBF | △PaCO2 (mmHg) | Correct CBF | Number of subjects | Mean age subjects | Slopes (%/%) | Slopes (mmHg/%) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kurazumi | 2022 | increase | TCD | Radial artery | NS-15 infusion | 79.0 | 67.3 | 86.0 | 72.1 | −1.0 | 74.3 | 12 | 21 | 0.80 | 1.02 | 48 |
| Pernice | 2022 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | HUT | 98.5 | 71.5 | 92.9 | 61.0 | – | – | 13 | 27 | 2.57 | 2.60 | 49 |
| Bari | 2022 | decrease | TCD | Radial artery | HUT | 99.3 | 47.9 | 68.9 | 37.1 | 0.0 | 37.1 | 13 | 27 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 50 |
| Rosenberg | 2021 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBNP | 94.1 | 64.5 | 85.1 | 53.0 | −6.1 | 62.7 | 52 | 26 | 1.86 | 1.98 | 51 |
| Rosenberg | 2021 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBNP | 95.4 | 64.4 | 89.4 | 56.2 | −3.7 | 62.4 | 19 | 27 | 2.02 | 2.12 | 51 |
| Robertson | 2020 | decrease | TCD | volume-clamp method | Tilt | 80.0 | 75.0 | 70.0 | 67.0 | −2.0 | 71.0 | 13 | 21 | 0.85 | 1.07 | 52 |
| Robertson | 2020 | decrease | TCD | volume-clamp method | Tilt | 85.0 | 62.0 | 72.0 | 46.0 | −3.0 | 50.1 | 14 | 22 | 1.69 | 1.99 | 52 |
| Stok | 2019 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | HUT | 77.0 | 61.0 | 60.0 | 52.0 | −4.0 | 58.2 | 22 | 40 | 0.67 | 0.87 | 53 |
| Schlotman | 2019 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBNP | 94.0 | 67.7 | 83.0 | 51.5 | – | – | 107 | 29 | 2.04 | 2.18 | 54 |
| Schlotman | 2019 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBNP | 92.0 | 75.4 | 81.0 | 60.3 | – | – | 85 | 27 | 1.67 | 1.82 | 54 |
| Yoshida | 2018 | increase | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBPP | 87.0 | 62.0 | 92.1 | 63.8 | 2.6 | 57.2 | 14 | 24 | 0.50 | 0.57 | 55 |
| van Helmond | 2018 | decrease | TCD | brachial artery | LBNP | 103.0 | 62.0 | 86.0 | 54.0 | −1.0 | 55.6 | 10 | 32 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 56 |
| van den Brule | 2018 | decrease | TCD | Radial artery | LPS injection | 91.0 | 69.9 | 78.9 | 59.0 | – | – | 10 | 23.3 | 1.17 | 1.29 | 57 |
| van der Scheer | 2018 | increase | TCD | upper-arm cuff | Cold stress | 85.0 | 63.0 | 90.0 | 64.0 | – | – | 6 | 40 | 0.27 | 0.32 | 58 |
| Bronzwaer | 2017 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBNP | 96.0 | 59.0 | 88.0 | 44.0 | −5.0 | 50.6 | 14 | 56 | 3.05 | 3.18 | 59 |
| Lund | 2017 | decrease | TCD | brachial artery | HUT | 87.1 | 51.4 | 57.2 | 32.2 | – | – | 20 | 25 | 1.09 | 1.25 | 60 |
| Bronzwaer | 2017 | decrease | TCD | plethysmography | HUT | 95.0 | 70.0 | 76.0 | 60.0 | −3.3 | 65.9 | 10 | 22 | 0.71 | 0.75 | 61 |
| Ogawa | 2016 | decrease | TCD | Radial artery | Gravity | 79.0 | 65.0 | 54.0 | 60.0 | −2.0 | 63.6 | 10 | 23 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 62 |
| Kay | 2016 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBNP | 96.5 | 61.4 | 88.1 | 44.1 | −3.3 | 48.5 | 7 | 26 | 3.24 | 3.35 | 63 |
| Rickards | 2015 | decrease | TCD | brachial artery | LBNP | 94.0 | 70.0 | 86.0 | 61.5 | −2.0 | 65.2 | 9 | 31 | 1.43 | 1.52 | 64 |
| Perry | 2014 | increase | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBPP | 83.7 | 62.0 | 93.0 | 59.7 | −1.0 | 61.5 | 15 | 28 | −0.33 | −0.40 | 65 |
| Del Pozzi | 2014 | increase | TCD | photoplethysmography | Phenylephrine | 78.0 | 71.0 | 87.0 | 75.0 | 1.0 | 73.5 | 12 | 23 | 0.49 | 0.63 | 66 |
| Shaw | 2014 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | HUT | 84.2 | 61.9 | 70.4 | 40.6 | −2.5 | 43.6 | 15 | 26.3 | 2.10 | 2.49 | 67 |
| Lewis | 2014 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBNP | 89.0 | 66.3 | 71.7 | 60.3 | 0.0 | 60.3 | 24 | 25 | 0.46 | 0.52 | 68 |
| Perry | 2013 | increase | TCD | photoplethysmography | LBPP | 81.0 | 74.0 | 94.0 | 72.0 | 0.0 | 72.0 | 15 | 26 | −0.17 | −0.21 | 69 |
| Stewart | 2013 | increase | TCD | photoplethysmography | Phenylephrine | 78.0 | 71.0 | 87.0 | 75.0 | 1.0 | 73.5 | 12 | 18–24 | 0.49 | 0.63 | 70 |
| Schlader | 2013 | decrease | TCD | brachial artery | LBNP | 89.0 | 59.6 | 71.7 | 45.2 | −6.0 | 53.3 | 8 | 29 | 1.25 | 1.40 | 71 |
| Stewart | 2013 | decrease | TCD | photoplethysmography | SNP | 78.0 | 71.0 | 61.0 | 62.0 | −3.0 | 67.6 | 12 | 18–24 | 0.58 | 0.75 | 70 |
| Guo | 2013 | decrease | TCD | auto-inflatable cuff | SNP | 80.7 | 67.8 | 75.6 | 62.7 | −4.9 | 71.9 | 5 | 24 | 1.19 | 1.47 | 72 |
| Chan | 2011 | decrease | TCD | Photoplethysmography | SNP | 81.0 | 71.0 | 59.0 | 65.0 | – | – | 14 | 25 | 0.46 | 0.61 | 73 |
| Chan | 2011 | increase | TCD | Photoplethysmography | Phenylephrine | 83.0 | 75.0 | 101.0 | 80.0 | – | – | 14 | 25 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 73 |
| Ogoh | 2011 | increase | TCD | Brachial Artery | Phenylephrine | 77.0 | 50.0 | 97.0 | 52.0 | 1.5 | 48.9 | 8 | 26 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 74 |
| Ogawa | 2010 | decrease | TCD | Radial artery | Propofol | 77.0 | 63.0 | 70.0 | 58.0 | 0.0 | 58.0 | 10 | 22 | 0.87 | 1.13 | 75 |
| Tzeng | 2010 | decrease | TCD | Photoplethysmography | SNP | 84.0 | 70.0 | 63.0 | 58.0 | – | – | 10 | 26 | 0.69 | 0.82 | 22 |
| Tzeng | 2010 | increase | TCD | Photoplethysmography | Phenylephrine | 84.0 | 70.0 | 103.0 | 77.3 | – | – | 10 | 26 | 0.46 | 0.55 | 22 |
| Brassard | 2010 | increase | TCD | Left brachial artery | Phenylephrine | 84.0 | 66.6 | 108.0 | 70.5 | 0.8 | 68.2 | 9 | 23 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 76 |
| Hussain | 2009 | decrease | PET | / | ATP | 84.3 | 56.0 | 78.8 | 54.0 | – | – | 10 | 24 | 0.55 | 0.65 | 77 |
| Zhang | 2009 | increase | TCD | Photoplethysmography | Phenylephrine | 83.0 | 63.0 | 114.0 | 70.0 | 0.0 | 70.0 | 13 | 30 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 12 |
| McCulloch | 2005 | increase | TCD | Radial artery | Phenylephrine | 81.0 | 74.0 | 101.0 | 84.4 | – | – | 12 | 21–59 | 0.57 | 0.70 | 38 |
| Lavi | 2003 | decrease | TCD | Tonometry | SNP | 85.0 | 65.0 | 78.0 | 64.0 | – | – | 17 | 27 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 78 |
| Hjorth Lassen | 2003 | increase | TCD | Sphygmomanometer | L-NMMA | 80.2 | 71.5 | 95.8 | 73.0 | 0.0 | 73.0 | 6 | 25 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 79 |
| McCulloch | 2000 | increase | TCD | Radial artery | Phenylephrine | 80.0 | 59.9 | 101.0 | 68.9 | – | – | 8 | 22–52 | 0.57 | 0.72 | 80 |
| Kawai | 1993 | increase | TCD | Sphygmomanometer | HDT | 90.0 | 55.5 | 99.0 | 63.2 | – | – | 8 | 36 | 1.39 | 1.54 | 81 |
| Jobes | 1975 | increase | Kr-uptake technique | Radial artery | Phenylephrine | 88.0 | 38.9 | 120.0 | 49.5 | 0.0 | 49.5 | 8 | / | 0.75 | 0.85 | 82 |
Mean age is averaged value or range. Slopes presented in % MAP/% CBF and mmHg MAP/% CBF. TCD: transcranial Doppler ultrasound; PET: positron emission tomography; HUT: head-up tilt; LBNP: lower body negative pressure; LBPP: lower body positive pressure; SNP: sodium nitroprusside; ATP: adenosine triphosphate.