Table V.
Estimated effects and odds ratios of patient demographic and surgical characteristics on 1-year PENN Shoulder Score (PSS), and 95% confidence intervals for each predictor in the full models in patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty
| Variable | Level | Estimated difference | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| General patient characteristics | |||
| Age | 12-yr increase | 1.8 (0.27, 3.33) | .021 |
| BMI | 7.5-point increase | 0.38 (−0.68, 1.44) | .485 |
| CCI | 2-unit increase | 0.06 (−1.08, 1.20) | .915 |
| Education | 4-yr increase | 0.22 (−0.84, 1.27) | .686 |
| ADI | 35-unit increase | −0.34 (−1.85, 1.17) | .659 |
| Baseline VR-12 MCS | 16.9-point increase | 2.26 (0.56, 3.95) | .011 |
| Sex (vs. Male) | Female | −2.31 (−4.44, −0.18) | .035 |
| Race (vs. White) | Black | −3.97 (−9.37, 1.42) | .339 |
| Other | 1.66 (−5.67, 9.01) | ||
| Smoking status (vs. never) | Quit | −0.57 (−2.31, 1.17) | .01 |
| Current | −5.29 (−9.29, −1.29) | ||
| Preoperative opioid use (vs. none in 12 mo) | From 12 to 3 mo | 0.77 (−1.34, 2.89) | .474 |
| Within 3 mo | −0.58 (−2.53, 1.36) | ||
| Chronic pain (vs. no) | Yes | −3.02 (−5.52, −0.53) | .019 |
| Psychiatric diagnosis (vs. no) | Yes | 0.30 (−1.74, 2.35) | .771 |
| Insurance status (vs. private) | Worker's compensation | −19.82 (−31.14,-8.49) | .005 |
| Medicaid | −3.07 (−10.58, 4.43) | ||
| Medicare | −0.60 (−2.92, 1.71) | ||
| Baseline PSS total | 20.9-point increase | 1.73 (0.35, 3.10) | .014 |
| Disease and surgical characteristics | |||
| Prior shoulder surgery (vs. no) | Yes | −3.73 (−6.57, −0.89) | .01 |
| Superior-posterior rotator cuff repair (vs. no) | Yes | 0.25 (−6.56, 7.07) | .942 |
| Glenoid bone loss (vs. no) | Yes | 2.62 (0.77, 4.47) | .006 |
| Humeral component (vs. uncemented) | Cemented | −1.19 (−3.69, 1.31) | .351 |
| Diagnosis-arthroplasty (vs. GHOA-rTSA) | CTA-rTSA | −4.89 (−7.57, −2.21) | <.001 |
| GHOA-aTSA | 3.34 (1.35, 5.33) | ||
BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ADI, Area Deprivation Index; VR-12 MCS, Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey mental component summary; GHOA, glenohumeral osteoarthritis; rTSA, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty; CTA, rotator cuff tear arthropathy; aTSA, primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.
The effects for continuous variables (Age, BMI, Education, ADI, baseline PSS, baseline VR-12 MCS, and CCI) are comparing the quartiles (75th vs. 25th percentiles) indicated in Table II. The false discovery rate for all statistically significant (α = 0.05) potential predictors in this table except sex is controlled at 20% or less by the Benjamini-Yeuketelimethod.1
Examples of interpretation of PSS total scores (identity-link beta regression models):
• CTA-rTSA patients have 1-year PSS total cores that are 4.89 points lower on average respectively than GHOA-rTSA patients, after controlling for all other variables.
• A patient with baseline VR-12 MCS of 60.7 (75th percentile) has 1-year PSS total scores that are 2.26 points higher on average respectively than a patient with baseline VR-12 MCS of 43.9 (25th percentile), after controlling for all other variables.