Table 3. Retrospective studies reporting overall survival in patients with metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma.
| Author | Year | Patients | Primary | Multivariate analysis—independent prognostic factors for overall survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim et al. (6) | 2001 | 34 | Gastric | No gross residual disease (RR 0.40, 95% CI: 1.17–0.94, P=0.036) 10.9 vs. 7.5 months |
| Disease confined to ovaries (RR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.39, P=0.003) 13.1 vs. 10.9 months | ||||
| Cheong et al. (7) | 2004 | 34 | Gastric | R0 (RR 0.155, 95% CI: 0.055–0.435) 18 vs. 9 months |
| Jiang et al. (10) | 2009 | 54 | Gastric 26, colorectal 23, other 5 | Gastric vs. colorectal origin (chi sq. 7.98, P<0.01) 13 vs. 29.6 months |
| Macroscopic residual disease (chi sq. 7.35, P<0.01) 10 vs. 29.6 months | ||||
| Lower KPS scores (chi sq. 4.57, P=0.03) | ||||
| Kim et al. (12) | 2010 | 158 | Gastric 73, colon 61, other 13 | Primary site (RR 1.203, 95% CI: 1.024–1.414, P=0.025) gastric 12 vs. colorectal 17 months |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy (RR 2.347, 95% CI: 1.309–4.219, P=0.004) 17 vs. 8 months | ||||
| Residual disease <2 vs. ≥2 cm (RR 1.311, 95% CI: 1.084–1.587, P=0.005) 29 vs. 15 months | ||||
| Ojo et al. (13) | 2011 | 26 | Colorectal | Age <50 years (P=0.008) |
| Extent of metastasis (P=0.007) | ||||
| Wu et al. (15) | 2013 | 62 | Gastric | CRS + HIPEC vs. CRS only (HR 2.996, 95 % CI: 1.245–7.208, P=0.014) 15.5 vs. 10.4 months |
| PCI high (≥16) vs. low (<16) (HR 3.235, 95% CI: 1.366–7.662, P=0.008) 7.4 vs. 10.4 months | ||||
| Lu et al. (3) | 2012 | 85 | Gastric | Metastasectomy (HR =0.36, P=0.001) 14.1 vs. 8 months |
| ECOG PS 0–1 (HR 0.44, P=0.011) | ||||
| Subsequent systemic therapy (HR 0.21, P=0.002) | ||||
| Subsequent platinum-based chemotherapy (HR 0.36, P=0.014) | ||||
| Peng et al. (16) | 2013 | 133 | Gastric | Gastrectomy (P=0.048) 19 vs. 9 months |
| Absence of ascites (P=0.008) 21 vs. 13 months | ||||
| Cho et al. (17) | 2015 | 216 | Gastric | metastasectomy (HR 0.458, 95% CI: 0.287 to 0.732, P=0.001) |
| Signet-ring cell pathology (HR 1.583, 95% CI: 1.057 to 2.371, P=0.026) | ||||
| Peritoneal carcinomatosis (HR 3.081, 95% CI: 1.610 to 5.895, P=0.001) | ||||
| Wu et al. (18) | 2015 | 128 | Gastric 41, colorectal 58, other 23, unknown 8 | Synchronous metastasis (HR 1.898, 95% CI: 1.182–3.049, P=0.008) |
| Pelvic invasion (HR 2.156, 95% CI: 1.170–3.974, P=0.0138) 13.5 vs. 23 months | ||||
| Ascites (HR 4.820, 95% CI: 2.537–9.157, P<0.0001) 13 vs. 23 months | ||||
| No metastasectomy (HR 4.878, 95% CI: 1.572–15.15, P=0.0060) | ||||
| Rosa et al. (2) | 2015 | 63 | Gastric | S vs. M (RR 8.69, 95% CI 4.2–45.6, P=0.0001) 17 vs. 36 months |
| R0 vs. R1/R2 (RR 7.93, 95% CI: 3.9–43.6, P=0.001) 34 vs. 11 months | ||||
| HIPEC + CT vs. CT only (RR 6.98, 95% CI: 1.86–23.7, P=0.007) 33 vs. 20 months | ||||
| Brieau et al. (19) | 2016 | 35 | Gastric | Metastectomy (HR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, P<0.01) 26.9 vs. 10.6 months |
| Xu et al. (20) | 2017 | 57 | Colorectal | Complete cytoreduction (HR 0.135, P=0.001) CC0:CC1:CC2 56 vs. 28 vs. 13 months |
| Less extensive metastases (HR 0.287, P=0.029) Movary 54 months vs. M1 35 months vs. M2 13 months | ||||
| Systemic chemotherapy (HR 0.345, P=0.012) 47 vs. 30 months | ||||
| Yu et al. (21) | 2017 | 152 | Gastric | Metastasectomy (HR 0.486, 95% CI: 0.323–0.729, P<0.001) |
| Peritoneal carcinomatosis (HR 1.938, 95% CI: 1.230–3.049, P=0.004) | ||||
| Expression of ER-β (HR 0.404, 95% CI: 0.251–0.648, P<0.001) | ||||
| Expression of PR (HR 0.496, 95% CI: 0.301–0.817, P<0.001) | ||||
| Yan et al. (23) | 2018 | 103 | Gastric | Metastasectomy (HR 0.486, 95% CI: 0.323–0.729, P<0.001) 18.9 vs.12.4 months |
| Signet ring cells (HR 1.938, 95% CI: 1.182–3.175, P=0.009) | ||||
| Peritoneal carcinomatosis (HR 1.934, 95% CI: 1.230–3.049, P=0.004) | ||||
| Expression of ER-β (HR 0.404, 95% CI: 0.251–0.648, P<0.001) | ||||
| Expression of PR (HR 0.496, 95% CI: 0.301–0.817, P<0.001) | ||||
| Ma et al. (24) | 2019 | 182 | Gastric | Metastasectomy (HR 0.537, 95% CI: 0.344–0.839, P=0.006) 14 vs. 8 months |
| Ascites (HR 1.523, 95% CI: 1.058–2.193, P=0.024) | ||||
| Linitis plastica (HR 1.995, 95% CI: 1.115–3.571, P=0.020) | ||||
| Systemic chemotherapy (HR 0.456, 95% CI: 0.280–0.742, P=0.002) | ||||
| Lin et al. (25) | 2022 | 130 | Gastric | Fibrinogen (HR 0.483, 95% CI: 0.300–0.777, P=0.003) |
| Tumour >5 cm (HR 1.808, 95% CI: 1.178–2.776, P=0.007) 10 vs. 16 months | ||||
| Chemotherapy after ovarian metastasis (HR 0.19, 95% CI: 0.1–0.37, P=0.0) 15 vs. 8 months | ||||
| Oophorectomy (HR 1.720, 95% CI: 1.066–2.778, P=0.026) 16 vs. 8 months | ||||
| Peritoneal metastasis (HR 2.742, 95% CI: 1.606–4.682, P=0.000) 10 vs. 25 months | ||||
| Fang et al. (26) | 2023 | 92 | Gastric | Ovarian metastectomy before systemic chemotherapy (HR 0.339, 95% CI: 0.143–0.799, P=0.013) |
| R0 resection (HR 0.387, 95% CI: 0.164–0.913, P=0.030) | ||||
| Peritoneal carcinomatosis (HR 2.308, 95% CI: 1.087–4.902, P=0.029) | ||||
| Ostowari et al. (27) | 2024 | 45 | Colorectal | Poor tumour grade (HR 10.69, 95% CI: 1.20–95.47, P=0.03) well-differentiated 53.7 months, moderately differentiated 50.7 months vs. poorly differentiated 22.1 months |
| Bildersheim et al. (28) | 2024 | 26 | Colorectal | Synchronous metastasis (HR 7.23, 95% CI: 1.57–33.28, P<0.05) |
Independent factors associated with overall survival in multivariate analysis. RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; R0, removal of all macroscopic disease; KPS, Karnofski performance status; CRS, cytoreductive surgery; HIPEC, heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy; HR, hazard ratio; PCI, Peritoneal Cancer Index; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; S, synchronous; M, metachronous; R1, microscopic residual disease; R2, gross residual disease; CT, chemotherapy; CC0, no macroscopic residual tumour; CC1, maximal diameter of residual tumour <2.5 mm; CC2, maximal diameter of residual tumour ≥2.5 mm; Movary, ovary-only metastasis; M1, metastasis confined to the pelvis; M2, metastasis beyond the pelvis; ER-β, oestrogen receptor-β; PR, progesterone receptor.