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. 2024 Oct 25;15:1482968. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1482968

Table 6.

One-way ANOVA results for education level differences in job stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention.

Dimension Education level N Mean SD 95% CI lower 95% CI upper F p value df Scheffé post hoc test
Job autonomy stress

  1. High school or below

 66 1.992 0.578 1.849 2.134 4.613* 0.010 (2,498) 1. > 2.

  1. College

 238 1.759 0.568 1.687 1.832

  1. Master’s or above

 197 1.831 0.532 1.756 1.906
Total 501 1.818 0.559 1.769 1.867 Partial Eta squared = 0.018
Workload stress

  1. High school or below

 66 2.203 0.721 2.026 2.380 3.379* 0.035 (2,498) 1. > 2.

  1. College

 238 1.961 0.686 1.874 2.049

  1. Master’s or above

 197 1.992 0.644 1.901 2.082
Total 501 2.005 0.678 1.946 2.065 Partial Eta squared = 0.013
Works relationships stress

  1. High school or below

 66 2.333 0.883 2.116 2.550 2.863 0.058 (2,498)

  1. College

 238 2.067 0.869 1.956 2.178

  1. Master’s or above

 197 2.056 0.840 1.938 2.174
Total 501 2.098 0.863 2.022 2.174 Partial Eta squared = 0.011
The overall average of job stress

  1. High school or below

 66 2.171 0.697 2.000 2.343 3.705* 0.025 (2,498) 1. > 2.

  1. College

 238 1.924 0.675 1.837 2.010

  1. Master’s or above

 197 1.954 0.630 1.865 2.042
Total 501 1.968 0.664 1.910 2.026 Partial Eta squared = 0.015
Intrinsic job satisfaction

  1. High school or below

 66 3.428 0.336 3.346 3.511 7.606** 0.001 (2,498) 3. > 2. > 1.

  1. College

 238 3.574 0.308 3.535 3.613

  1. Master’s or above

 197 3.589 0.276 3.551 3.628
Total 501 3.561 0.303 3.534 3.587 Partial Eta squared = 0.030
Extrinsic job satisfaction

  1. High school or below

 66 3.831 0.386 3.736 3.926 5.924** 0.003 (2,498) 2. > 3. > 1.

  1. College

 238 4.014 0.429 3.959 4.069

  1. Master’s or above

 197 4.005 0.349 3.956 4.054
Total 501 3.987 0.398 3.952 4.021 Partial Eta squared = 0.023
The overall average of job satisfaction

  1. High school or below

 66 3.589 0.313 3.512 3.666 8.603*** 0.000 (2,498) 3. > 2. > 1.

  1. College

 238 3.750 0.324 3.709 3.791

  1. Master’s or above

 197 3.756 0.258 3.719 3.792
Total (23 items) 501 3.731 0.303 3.704 3.758 Partial Eta squared = 0.033
The overall average of turnover intention

  1. High school or below

 66 2.258 0.771 2.068 2.447 2.964 0.053 (2,498)

  1. College

 238 2.013 0.771 1.914 2.111

  1. Master’s or above

 197 2.010 0.756 1.904 2.116
Total 501 2.044 0.768 1.976 2.111 Partial Eta squared = 0.012

N = 501; *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 Sig. (2-tailed).