Table 1.
Characteristics of the included patients
| Item | Number (N = 932 in total) | |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 499 |
| Female | 433 | |
| Segments | L4–5 | 501 |
| L5–S1 | 431 | |
| Surgical method | TF-PELD | 932 |
| Side | Left | 460 |
| Right | 472 | |
| Age, years | 18–30 | 333 |
| 30–40 | 439 | |
| 40–50 | 100 | |
| > 50 | 60 | |
| Disc location | Central | 507 |
| Paracentral | 300 | |
| Foraminal | 101 | |
| Extreme lateral | 24 | |
| Disc type | Shoulder | 490 |
| Axillary | 442 | |
| Disc size | ≥ 50% canal compromise | 350 |
| < 50% canal compromise | 582 | |
| Migration | Up-migrated | 301 |
| Down-migrated | 240 | |
| Low-grade | 199 | |
| High-grade | 192 | |
TF-PELD transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy