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. 2024 Oct 10;10(21):e39118. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39118

Table 2.

Sources of dielectric composite from various filler types.

Composite Matrix Filler Dielectric Constant Application Ref.
Ceramic-PTFE composite Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Ceramic oxides (Al2O3, BaTiO3) 3–50 High-permittivity capacitors, microwave substrates [33]
Mica-epoxy composite Epoxy resin Mica 5–7 High-temperature capacitors, motor commutators [45]
Glass fibre-PTFE composite Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Glass fibres 2.0–2.2 High-frequency PCBs, microwave components [46]
Polymer-ceramic composite Polypropylene Barium titanate (BaTiO3) 3–10 (depending on filler content) Low-cost capacitors, temperature sensors [42]
Polymer-carbon nanotube composite Polyimide (PI) Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 2.5–3.5 (PI) with potential for higher depending on CNT alignment Lightweight, high-performance capacitors for flexible electronics [47]