Table 2.

Mediation analysis for the associations between the Sleep Duration scores and Pain score.

Mediator	Indirect Effect Size	Direct Effect Size	SE	Z	P	95% CI
CES-D-10	0.165	0.389	0.009	18.628	< 0.001	[0.148, 0.183]
Chronic disease	0.021	0.389	0.006	3.758	< 0.001	[0.015, 0.036]
PAS-COVID-19	0.001	0.389	0.001	1.308	0.191	[-0.000, 0.003]

Notes: CES-D-10: The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; PAS-COVID-19: Personal activity score during COVID-19; Statistical analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and afternoon napping habits. P < 0.05 are considered statistically significant.