Table 3. Observation-Level Test Characteristics at NEWS-Matched Thresholds for Identifying Intensive Care Unit Transfer or Death Within 24 Hours.
| Risk level | Score | Threshold | Characteristic (95% CI), % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positivity rate | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | |||
| Moderatea | eCART | 94 | 3.3 (3.3-3.4) | 52.2 (51.0-53.4) | 97.2 (97.2-97.3) | 17.3 (16.9-17.8) | 99.5 (99.4-99.5) |
| NEWS | 5 | 6.0 (5.9-6.0) | 51.5 (50.4-52.8) | 94.5 (94.5-94.6) | 9.5 (9.3-9.8) | 99.4 (99.4-99.5) | |
| NEWS2 | 6 | 6.3 (6.3-6.4) | 50.1 (49.0-51.4) | 94.2 (94.1-94.2) | 8.7 (8.5-9.0) | 99.4 (99.4-99.4) | |
| MEWS | 3 | 5.9 (5.8-5.9) | 43.7 (42.5-44.9) | 94.6 (94.5-94.6) | 8.2 (8.0-8.5) | 99.3 (99.3-99.4) | |
| RI | 41 | 8.2 (8.2-8.3) | 51.2 (50.2-52.2) | 92.3 (92.2-92.3) | 6.9 (6.7-7.0) | 99.4 (99.4-99.4) | |
| EDI | 41 | 8.9 (8.9-9.0) | 50.7 (49.4-51.9) | 91.5 (91.5-91.6) | 6.3 (6.1-6.4) | 99.4 (99.4-99.4) | |
| Highb | eCART | 97 | 2.0 (2.0-2.0) | 42.5 (41.4-43.9) | 98.4 (98.4-98.5) | 23.3 (22.7-24.2) | 99.4 (99.3-99.4) |
| NEWS | 7 | 1.8 (1.8-1.8) | 31.5 (30.7-32.9) | 98.5 (98.5-98.5) | 19.1 (18.5-20.0) | 99.2 (99.2-99.3) | |
| NEWS2 | 8 | 2.1 (2.1-2.2) | 30.5 (29.6-32.1) | 98.2 (98.1-98.2) | 15.8 (15.1-16.4) | 99.2 (99.2-99.2) | |
| MEWS | 4 | 1.8 (1.8-1.8) | 27.6 (26.4-28.6) | 98.5 (98.5-98.5) | 16.9 (16.2-17.5) | 99.2 (99.2-99.2) | |
| RI | 24 | 1.9 (1.8-1.9) | 27.9 (27.0-29.0) | 98.4 (98.4-98.5) | 16.6 (15.9-17.1) | 99.2 (99.2-99.2) | |
| EDI | 54 | 1.8 (1.8-1.9) | 24.2 (23.4-25.2) | 98.4 (98.4-98.4) | 14.5 (14.0-15.2) | 99.1 (99.1-99.2) | |
Abbreviations: eCART, eCARTv5; EDI, Epic Deterioration Index; MEWS, Modified Early Warning Score; NEWS, National Early Warning Score; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; RI, Rothman Index.
a
Matched to the sensitivity of a NEWS score of 5 for each score at the observation level.
b
Matched to the specificity of a NEWS score of 7 for each score at the observation level.