. 2024 Oct 23;18(44):30211–30223. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c09830

Table 4. Summary of CNP Formulations That Have Enhanced Neutralization Capability via Modified Cell Membrane.

Membrane type	Modification method	Target	Mechanism of action	Reference
Macrophage	Conjugation of heparin onto membrane via click chemistry	SARS-CoV-2	Virus–membrane receptor binding	(47)
Macrophage	GM1 and GT1b overexpression via metabolic engineering	Botulinum toxin (BoNT)	Enhanced binding of BoNT to cell membrane	(48)
RBC and macrophage	Depletion of cell membrane cholesterol	H₂O₂	Enhanced H₂O₂ permeation and specific degradation by catalase	(51)
		3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)	Enhanced TMB permeation and specific degradation by horseradish peroxidase
		Paraoxon (POX)	Enhanced POX permeation and specific degradation by OPH