Table 2. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Annotation Data and Relative Nutrikinetic Parameters of Metabolites Found in Plasma Samples Following Ingestion of a L. citriodora Extract^a.

RT (min)	[M – H]−	molecular formula	FDR	proposed compound	annotation level	MS/MS fragments	referenceb	n	Cmax	observed Tmax	AUC
6.53	233.0122	C8H10O6S	6.41 × 10–06	hydroxytyrosol sulfate isomer 2	2	153.0597, 123.0441, 96.9549	(34)	7	902 ± 428	8 ± 2	3802 ± 2564
7.25	246.9916	C8H8O7S	2.31 × 10–06	vanillic acid 4-O-sulfate isomer 1	1c	123.0425, 167.0359, 78.9581, 96.9533	HMDB0041788	7	874 ± 644	8 ± 3	3576 ± 3122
8.92	329.0875	C14H18O9	4.90 × 10–02	hydroxytyrosol glucuronide isomer 2	1d	153.0543, 123.0435, 95.0112	(34)	4	106 ± 17	8 ± 2	350 ± 158
9.24	247.0279	C9H12O6S	4.80 × 10–02	homovanillyl alcohol sulfate	2	167.0706, 137.3427	(34)	4	156 ± 49	7 ± 2	437 ± 278
9.26	123.0450	C7H8O2	3.90 × 10–02	3-methylcatechol	2	121.0305	(34)	6	169 ± 59	8 ± 3	565 ± 407
9.69	373.1128	C16H22O10	3.07 × 10–08	gardoside isomer 1	2	211.0607, 122.8951	(35)	8	211 ± 72	2 ± 0	608 ± 375
9.81	261.0075	C9H10O7S	2.06 × 10–05	homovanillic acid sulfate isomer 1	1e	181.0494, 79.9585, 137.0609, 217.1051	HMDB0011719	7	341 ± 164	9 ± 2	1391 ± 1144
10.29	261.0071	C9H10O7S	1.89 × 10–02	homovanillic acid sulfate isomer 2	2	181.0495, 79.9587, 137.0619, 217.1055	HMDB0011719	5	476 ± 363	9 ± 2	1771 ± 1599
10.54	357.082	C15H18O10	6.99 × 10–04	homovanillic acid glucuronide	2	181.0501, 313.0923	(34)	6	360 ± 219	8 ± 2	1345 ± 1042
10.85	258.9912	C9H8O7S	1.89 × 10–09	caffeic acid 4-sulfate isomer 1	2	179.0352, 96.9537, 135.0447	HMDB0041708	7	325 ± 147	3 ± 1	1157 ± 757
11.28	258.9924	C9H8O7S	1.67 × 10–07	caffeic acid 4-sulfate isomer 2	2	179.0350, 96.953, 135.0452	HMDB0041708	6	357 ± 268	3 ± 2	1656 ± 1922
11.58	273.0049	C10H10O7S	1.27 × 10–08	ferulic acid 4-sulfate	2	193.0506, 96.9602	HMDB0240716	7	354 ± 254	3 ± 2	1752 ± 1781
12.37	369.0839	C16H18O10	4.70 × 10–04	ferulic acid 4-O-glucuronide	2	193.0510, 235.9254, 175.0228	HMDB0041733	5	282 ± 358	5 ± 2	1304 ± 1975
12.43	201.1130	C10H18O4	7.34 × 10–03	sebacic acid isomer	3		HMDB000079	5	119 ± 27	1.2 ± 0.4	141 ± 86
12.55	246.9907	C8H8O7S	7.81 × 10–03	vanillic acid 4-O-sulfate isomer 2	2	123.0423,167.0356, 96.9529	HMDB0041788	5	119 ± 41	1.2 ± 0.4	152 ± 118
13.75	373.1132	C16H22O10	4.55 × 10–29	gardoside isomer 2	2	211.0615, 122.8953	(35)	6	508 ± 110	2.3 ± 0.7	2015 ± 547
14.16	411.2032	C21H32O8	2.14 × 10–04	abscisic alcohol 11-glucoside isomer 1	2	75.0075, 55.0206, 307.1387	HMDB0039636	6	202 ± 82	1.2 ± 0.4	259 ± 134
16.12	343.1388	C16H24O8	7.07 × 10–04	dihydroconiferin isomer 1	2	181.0870	Pubchem: 14427336	6	139 ± 19	0.9 ± 0.2	126 ± 28
16.32	291.0863	C15H16O6	1.94 × 10–04	picrotoxinin	3	-	Pubchem: 442292	6	136 ± 44	1.3 ± 0.5	231 ± 102
16.43	343.1390	C16H24O8	1.84 × 10–04	dihydroconiferin isomer 2	2	181.0873	Pubchem: 14427336	5	136 ± 28	1 ± 0	244 ± 102
16.75	411.2010	C21H32O8	3.32 × 10–09	abscisic alcohol 11-glucoside isomer 2	2	75.0073, 55.0205, 307.1389	HMDB0039636	8	562 ± 251	2 ± 1	757 ± 174
17.44	411.2008	C21H32O8	4.52 × 10–05	abscisic alcohol 11-glucoside isomer 3	2	75.0069, 307.1393	HMDB0039636	7	258 ± 95	1 ± 0	267 ± 94
17.92	393.1899	C21H30O7	5.48 × 10–03	pteroside Z isomer 1	2	231.1387, 177.0312	HMDB32587	6	120 ± 22	1.2 ± 0.4	123 ± 53
18.05	393.1909	C21H30O7	4.43 × 10–07	pteroside Z isomer 2	2	231.1385	HMDB32587	8	181 ± 58	2 ± 1	310 ± 84
18.38	395.2051	C21H32O7	1.47 × 10–08	isopetasoside	3		HMDB29622	8	455 ± 162	2 ± 1	722 ± 166
19.17	293.2116	C18H30O3	1.41 × 10–11	17-hydroxylinolenic acid	3		HMDB00111	8	335 ± 306	6 ± 4	1621 ± 1914
average									307 ± 210	4 ± 3	997 ± 970

^an: number of volunteers in which the metabolite was detected after intake of the L. citriodora extract; RT: retention time; C_max: relative maximum plasma level (relative chromatographic area); observed T_max: time required to reach C_max (h); AUC: area under the zero-moment curve (relative chromatographic area/h); values represent mean ± standard deviation (SD).

^bMetabolomic databases or bibliographic references utilized for annotation.

^cMS/MS spectra of vanillic acid 4-O-sulfate annotated at level 1 in Figure S2.

^dMS/MS spectra of hydroxytyrosol glucuronide annotated at level 1 in Figure S3.

^eMS/MS spectra of homovanillic acid sulfate annotated at level 1 in Figure S4.