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. 2024 Oct 31;13(21):1806. doi: 10.3390/cells13211806

Table 5.

Properties of Ivory Dentin GraftTM.

Parameter Aspect Property/Specification
Raw
material
Source Health- and feed-controlled isolated pig colony
Tissue Porcine teeth
Material properties Physical form Irregular shaped particles, retaining dentin microstructure
Particle size 300–900 μm
Composition ca. 70% hydroxyapatite and ca. 30% organic ECM (89% type I collagen, 1% proteoglycans, 10% others—non-collagenous proteins), partially
degraded
Vickers hardness 73 HV ± 14 HV
Ca/P 1.59–1.67
Microstructure Porosity: 80% 0.7–1.5 μm tubules; 20% coarse pores 2–15 μm
Implant properties Clinical bone
growth
Superior new bone formation, bone-graft integration, and higher
radiodensity than a porcine bone graft material with retained ECM at
4 months after mandibular premolar or molar tooth extraction in patients
Preclinical bone
growth
Superior to both deproteinated bone and sham treatment, in terms of bone regeneration and tolerability, in a canine mandibular two-wall
defect model at 4, 12, and 26 weeks follow-up

Good bone repair in extraction sockets and sub-periosteum pouches in a clinically relevant porcine mandibular defect model at 2.5 months after grafting
Biocompatibility In clinical use for socket preservation, local site reactions and adverse events following extraction socket grafting and implant placement were similar to that of a standard clinically established bone graft material

In a rabbit femoral condyle defect model, no intrinsically local adverse
reactions, no local draining lymph node reaction, and no signs of
systemic toxicity

In a canine mandibular two-wall defect model, tolerability and initial
inflammatory reaction was similar to the control deproteinized bone
material

In a porcine extraction socket and sub-periosteum pouch model, only moderate inflammation consistent with normal healing was seen

No in vitro cytotoxicity of extracts
Resorption In a canine two wall defect model, resorption up to 6.5 months was more rapid than for a deproteinated bovine bone material. In a rabbit condyle bone defect model, resorption assessed at 3 months was much slower than for a porcine bone material with retained organic ECM. Therefore,
resorption is prolonged but not as long as for deproteinized xenograft bone graft material

Ca = calcium; ECM = extracellular matrix; HV = Vickers hardness; P = phosphate.