. 2024 Oct 31;13(21):3504. doi: 10.3390/foods13213504

Table 5.

Color parameters of beef packaged with bioactive film alone and in combination with varying MAP conditions.

Attribute	Samples	Days
		0	3	5	7	9	12	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	22	24	25	26
L*	C-air	40.5 ± 0.35 ^aA	40.9 ± 0.20 ^bB	43.6 ± 0.15 ^dC	46.3 ± 0.23 ^dD	51.4 ± 0.20 ^gE	55.5 ± 0.25 ^cF	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	MAP1	40.3 ± 0.25 ^aA	40.4 ± 0.15 ^aA	40.7 ± 0.25 ^abcA	43.3 ± 0.15 ^cB	44.3 ± 0.37 ^fC	45.8 ± 0.20 ^bD	49.4 ± 0.15 ^cE	50.4 ± 0.25 ^eF	50.2 ± 0.20 ^dF	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	MAP2	40.5 ± 0.60 ^aA	40.4 ± 0.25 ^aA	40.9 ± 0.20 ^bcA	42.8 ± 0.25 ^cB	43.4 ± 0.23 ^eC	45.6 ± 0.3 ^bD	49.2 ± 0.25 ^cE	50.2 ± 0.15 ^eF	50.2 ± 0.30 ^dF	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	MAP3	40.7 ± 0.45 ^aA	40.9 ± 0.32 ^bA	41.2 ± 0.30 ^cA	41.2 ± 0.2 ^bA	42.6 ± 0.1 ^dB	43.8 ± 0.25 ^aC	47.1 ± 0.30 ^bD	48.6 ± 0.20 ^dE	48.8 ± 0.47 ^cE	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	1% NE	40.2 ± 0.15 ^aAB	40.2 ± 0.25 ^aA	40.4 ± 0.32 ^abAB	40.8 ± 0.72 ^abB	42 ± 0.4 ^cC	43.8 ± 0.3 ^aD	44.5 ± 0.3 ^aE	45.2 ± 0.4 ^cF	45.7 ± 0.15 ^bF	46.4 ± 0.2 ^bG	46.6 ± 0.05 ^bG	47.4 ± 0.32 ^cH	48 ± 0.4 ^bI	-	-	-	-
	1% NE-MAP1	40.4 ± 0.32 ^aA	40.5 ± 0.1 ^aA	40.8 ± 0.15 ^abcA	40.6 ± 0.72 ^abA	40.9 ± 0.15 ^abA	43.5 ± 0.4 ^aB	44.2 ± 0.36 ^aDC	44.5 ± 0.30 ^abC	44 ± 0.1 ^aBC	45.3 ± 0.2 ^aD	45.2 ± 0.20 ^aD	45.3 ± 0.2 ^aD	46.3 ± 0.30 ^aE	46.5 ± 0.32 ^aE	47.2 ± 0.45 ^aF	47.6 ± 0.25 ^aFG	47.9 ± 0.47 ^aG
	1% NE-MAP2	40.6 ± 0.15 ^aA	40.4 ± 0.35 ^aA	40.5 ± 0.30 ^abA	40.2 ± 0.45 ^aA	41.4 ± 0.23 ^bB	43.1 ± 1.01 ^aC	44 ± 0.15 ^aD	44.2 ± 0.26 ^aD	44.2 ± 0.40 ^aD	45 ± 0.15 ^aE	45 ± 0.25 ^aE	45 ± 0.15 ^aE	46.2 ± 0.36 ^aF	46.3 ± 0.37 ^aF	47.1 ± 0.34 ^aG	47.6 ± 0.37 ^aGH	48 ± 0.58 ^aH
	1% NE-MAP3	40.5 ± 0.17 ^aA	40.5 ± 0.05 ^aA	40.3 ± 0.49 ^aA	40.6 ± 0.17 ^abA	40.8 ± 0.30 ^aA	43.1 ± 0.25 ^aB	44.1 ± 0.20 ^aC	44.7 ± 0.05 ^bD	44 ± 0.43 ^aC	44.9 ± 0.28 ^aD	45.2 ± 0.87 ^aD	45.8 ± 0.05 ^bE	46 ± 0.15 ^aEF	46.4 ± 0.41 ^aF	47.7 ± 0.15 ^aG	47.7 ± 0.20 ^aG	48.3 ± 0.36 ^aG
a*	C-air	22.4 ± 0.15 ^aF	20.2 ± 0.36 ^aE	17.4 ± 0.15 ^aD	12.1 ± 0.43 ^aC	8.1 ± 0.55 ^aB	3 ± 0.25 ^aA	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	MAP1	22.7 ± 0.35 ^aG	22.5 ± 0.30 ^bG	22.2 ± 0.41 ^cdG	18.5 ± 0.15 ^bF	16.9 ± 0.87 ^bE	15.5 ± 0.20 ^bD	12.4 ± 0.15 ^aC	10.2 ± 0.49 ^aB	8.2 ± 0.30 ^aA
	MAP2	22.4 ± 0.20 ^aF	22.4 ± 0.15 ^bF	22 ± 0.49 ^cF	18.8 ± 0.79 ^bE	16.9 ± 0.66 ^bD	16.2 ± 0.55 ^cD	12.5 ± 0.35 ^aC	10.9 ± 0.40 ^bB	9.7 ± 0.95 ^bA
	MAP3	22.6 ± 0.1 ^aH	22.6 ± 0.1 ^bH	20.2 ± 0.30 ^bG	19.6 ± 0.3 ^cF	18.1 ± 0.45 ^cE	16.5 ± 0.36 ^cD	14.5 ± 0.3 ^bC	12.6 ± 0.2 ^cB	9.4 ± 0.35 ^bA
	1% NE	22.6 ± 0.1 ^aK	22.4 ± 0.15 ^bK	22.1 ± 0.05 ^cdJ	22 ± 0.3 ^dJ	21.2 ± 0.15 ^dI	19.8 ± 0.36 ^dH	17.3 ± 0.25 ^cG	15.5 ± 0.32 ^dF	14.3 ± 0.41 ^cE	13.9 ± 0.7 ^aD	11.7 ± 0.7 ^aC	11.1 ± 0.78 ^aB	9.6 ± 0.58 ^aA	-	-	-	-
	1% NE-MAP1	22.6 ± 0.1 ^aI	25.1 ± 0.30 ^dJ	25.3 ± 0.15 ^fJ	25.1 ± 0.30 ^fJ	23.3 ± 0.40 ^fI	23 ± 0.26 ^fI	20.5 ± 0.2 ^fH	20.6 ± 0.26 ^gH	19.7 ± 0.66 ^fG	19.3 ± 0.95 ^dG	18.4 ± 0.25 ^cF	18.1 ± 0.15 ^cF	14.1 ± 0.30 ^bE	12.6 ± 0.2 ^aD	11.4 ± 0.25 ^aC	9.8 ± 0.55 ^aB	7.9 ± 0.52 ^aA
	1% NE-MAP2	22.8 ± 0.56 ^aI	23.3 ± 0.30 ^cI	23.1 ± 0.55 ^eI	23 ± 0.26 ^eI	23.2 ± 0.40 ^fI	21.2 ± 0.45 ^eH	19.6 ± 0.56 ^eG	19.9 ± 0.20 ^fG	18.7 ± 0.7 ^eF	18.2 ± 0.15 ^cF	18.2 ± 0.15 ^cF	18.1 ± 0.25 ^cF	13.9 ± 0.41 ^bE	12.6 ± 0.43 ^aD	11.4 ± 0.26 ^aC	9.6 ± 0.35 ^aB	7.8 ± 0.2 ^aA
	1% NE-MAP3	22.3 ± 0.25 ^aJ	23.4 ± 0.2 ^cK	22.7 ± 0.1d ^eJ	22.3 ± 0.26 ^dJ	22.2 ± 0.23 ^eJ	21.4 ± 0.25 ^eI	18.4 ± 0.2 ^dH	18.2 ± 0.15 ^eH	16.6 ± 0.15 ^dG	16 ± 0.25 ^bF	16 ± 0.25 ^bF	16.4 ± 0.47 ^bFG	14.6 ± 0.32 ^bE	12.5 ± 0.20 ^aD	11.1 ± 0.62 ^aC	9.2 ± 0.26 ^aB	8 ± 0.32 ^aA
b*	C-air	15.4 ± 0.49 ^aA	15.3 ± 0.32 ^abcA	16.6 ± 0.2 ^bB	18 ± 0.41 ^dC	18.5 ± 0.25 ^cC	20.4 ± 0.2 ^eD
	MAP1	15.5 ± 0.25 ^aA	15.7 ± 0.1 ^cA	15.5 ± 0.15 ^aA	16 ± 0.25 ^cB	16.6 ± 0.15 ^bC	17.1 ± 0.20 ^dD	17.7 ± 0.15 ^dE	18 ± 0.1 ^eE	18.8 ± 0.20 ^eF
	MAP2	15.3 ± 0.15 ^aA	15.3 ± 0.32 ^abcA	15.2 ± 0.30 ^aA	15.9 ± 0.66 ^bcB	16.5 ± 0.26 ^bC	17.3 ± 0.15 ^dD	17.5 ± 0.20 ^dD	18.3 ± 0.1 ^eE	18.5 ± 0.15 ^eE
	MAP3	15.5 ± 0.20 ^aA	15.5 ± 0.1 ^bcA	15.5 ± 0.30 ^aA	15.3 ± 0.30 ^abcA	15.4 ± 0.25 ^aA	16.4 ± 0.26 ^cB	16.7 ± 0.15 ^cB	17.3 ± 0.20 ^dC	17.8 ± 0.26 ^dD
	1% NE	15.3 ± 0.15 ^aA	15.3 ± 0.2 ^abcA	15.5 ± 0.2 ^aA	15.4 ± 0.2 ^abcA	15.6 ± 0.11 ^aAB	15.9 ± 0.1 ^bBC	16 ± 0.15 ^bC	16.1 ± 0.15 ^cC	16.7 ± 0.17 ^cD	17.5 ± 0.2 ^bE	18.1 ± 0.17 ^bF	18.5 ± 0.26 ^bG	19.6 ± 0.2 ^b	-	-	-	-
	1% NE-MAP1	15.4 ± 0.26 ^aA	15.3 ± 0.25 ^abcA	15.2 ± 0.17 ^aA	15.4 ± 0.35 ^abcA	15.6 ± 0.26 ^aAB	15.5 ± 0.35 ^abA	15.6 ± 0.1 ^aAB	15.3 ± 0.25 ^aA	16 ± 0.15 ^aB	16.8 ± 0.1 ^aC	16.9 ± 0.20 ^aCD	17.3 ± 0.40 ^aDE	17.5 ± 0.32 ^aE	18.3 ± 0.30 ^aF	18.4 ± 0.41 ^aF	19.1 ± 0.15 ^aG	20 ± 0.35 ^aH
	1% NE-MAP2	15.5 ± 0.26 ^aAB	15 ± 0.20 ^aA	15.4 ± 0.05 ^aAB	15 ± 0.30 ^aA	15.6 ± 0.43 ^aAB	15.5 ± 0.20 ^abAB	15.6 ± 0.2 ^aB	15.3 ± 0.32 ^abAB	16.4 ± 0.20 ^bcC	16.7 ± 0.1 ^aC	16.8 ± 0.51 ^aC	17.4 ± 0.52 ^aD	17.6 ± 0.30 ^aD	18.3 ± 0.1 ^aE	18.5 ± 0.17 ^aE	19.3 ± 0.11 ^aF	20.1 ± 0.30 ^aG
	1% NE-MAP3	15.3 ± 0.32 ^aAB	15 ± 0.25 ^abA	15.4 ± 0.15 ^aAB	15.3 ± 0.1 ^abAB	15.3 ± 0.1 ^aAB	15.4 ± 0.32 ^aAB	15.4 ± 0.20 ^aAB	15.7 ± 0.20 ^bBC	16.2 ± 0.20 ^abCD	16.7 ± 0.20 ^aDE	16.8 ± 0.40 ^aE	17 ± 0.37 ^aEF	17.5 ± 0.1 ^aF	18.1 ± 0.66 ^aG	18.5 ± 0.43 ^aG	19.4 ± 0.26 ^aH	20 ± 0.41 ^aI

MAP1—80% O₂ + 20% CO₂; MAP2—70% O₂ + 30% CO₂; MAP3—60% O₂ + 20% CO₂ + 20% N₂. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Within each row, means with the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (p > 0.05). Within each column, means with the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (p > 0.05).