Table 6.

Top two perceived most challenging, important substance use services for EDs to implement

Variable	n	%
Top two perceived most challenging services for EDs to implement a
Buprenorphine induction in the ED	36	42%
Referring to community-based providers	34	40%
Social work services	25	29%
Increasing x-waivered providersb	23	27%
Peer support specialists	18	21%
Naloxone dispensing	17	20%
Screening for substance use disorder	14	16%
Counseling and education	8	9%
ED staff stigma reduction	6	7%
Harm reduction	3	4%
Other (please specify)	1	1%
Top two perceived most important services for EDs to implement a
Screening for substance use disorder	32	38%
Referring to community-based providers	32	38%
Counseling and education	22	26%
Social work services	22	26%
Naloxone dispensing	15	18%
Buprenorphine induction in the ED	14	16%
Peer support specialists	11	13%
Harm reduction	9	11%
ED staff stigma reduction	7	8%
Increasing x-waivered providersb	5	6%
Other	2	2%

^aSelect all that apply question, percentages may exceed 100%

^bThe X-waiver requirement was removed while the survey was being fielded