Table 3.
Distribution of preoperative and postoperative parameters on the basis of risk classes. Mean ± SD, median, (range). Number of cases (%).
| Low Risk | Intermediate Risk | High Risk | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number cases | 142 | 200 | 102 | |
| Age (years) | 67.73 ± 6.60; 67: (50–73) | 67.42 ± 6.61; 68 (49–22) | 67.46 ± 6.12; 69 (47–71) | 0.906 |
| BMI | 25.73 ± 3.70; 25.3 (18–37) | 25.84 ± 3.35; 25.4 (18.5–37) | 26.81 ± 3.63; 26 (21–39.4) | 0.121 |
| Charlson Index | 3.82 ± 1.02; 4 (2–7) | 3.89 ± 1.08; 4 (0–7) | 3.88 ± 1.06; 4 (1–6) | 0.903 |
| Familiarity | 0.138 | |||
| - Yes | 0 | 19 (9.5%) | 17 (16.7%) | |
| - No | 142 (100%) | 181 (90.5%) | 85 (83.3%) | |
| Digital Rectal Examination | <0.001 | |||
| - Normal | 134 (94.4%) | 176 (88.0%) | 66 (64.7%) | |
| - Suspicious | 8 (5.6%) | 24 (12.0%) | 36 (35.3%) | |
| Preoperative total PSA (ng/mL) | 6.73 ± 3.12; 6.4 (3.0–19.0) | 8.41 ± 3.91; 7.5 (3.0–23.0) | 11.74 ± 9.3; 9.3 (3.0–64.0) | <0.001 |
| PSAD | 0.14 ± 0.49; 0.13 (0.08–0.26) | 0.23 ± 0.17; 0.19 (0.06–0.54) | 0.3 ± 0.3; 0.24 (0.11–0.59) | 0.048 |
| Prostate volume (cc) | 47.78 ± 15.48; 45 (25–120) | 47.4 ± 13.72; 45 (20–87) | 51.53 ± 16.77; 52.5 (25–90) | 0.403 |
| mMR PIRADS score | <0.001 | |||
| (Data available on 208 cases) | ||||
| PIRADS 2 | 6 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| PIRADS 3 | 14 (25.0%) | 26 (26.2%) | 4 (7.7%) | |
| PIRADS 4 | 32 (57.1%) | 58 (58.6%) | 20 (38.5%) | |
| PIRADS 5 | 4 (7.2%) | 15 (15.2%) | 28 (53.8%) | |
| Prostate Tumor size (mm) at mMR | 10.15 ± 4.78; 9.5 (4.0–30.0) | 11.83 ± 4.66; 10 (5.0–27.0) | 18.25 ± 8.72; 16 (7.0–39.0) | <0.001 |
| Preoperative CT and bone scan | <0.001 | |||
| - No | 133 (93.7%) | 88 (87.5%) | 66 (64.8%) | |
| - Yes | 9 (6.3%) | 25 (12.5) | 36 (35.2%) | |
| Preoperative PET CT scan | 0.027 | |||
| - No | 142 (100%) | 195 (97.5%) | 97 (95.1%) | |
| - Choline | 0 | 4 (2.0%) | 2 (2.0%) | |
| - PSMA | 0 | 1 (0.5%) | 3 (2.9%) | |
| Surgical technique at radical prostatectomy | 0.850 | |||
| - Laparoscopic | 92 (64.8%) | 126 (63.0%) | 66 (64.7%) | |
| - Robotic-assisted | 50 (35.2%) | 74 (37.0%) | 36 (35.3%) | |
| Operative time (minutes) | 150.50 ± 27.35; 140 (120–300) | 155.0 ± 20.06; 157.5 (90–210) | 183.51 ± 50.711; 175 (90–300) | <0.001 |
| Nerve sparing technique at surgery | <0.001 | |||
| - No | 73 (51.4%) | 145 (72.5%) | 99 (97.0%) | |
| - Yes | 69 (48.6%) | 55 (27.5%) | 3 (3.0%) | |
| - Monolateral | 19 (27.5%) | 31 (56.4%) | 2 (66.7%) | |
| - Bilateral | 50 (72.5%) | 24 (43.6%) | 1 (33.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Extended lymph node dissection | <0.001 | |||
| - No | 142 (100%) | 167 (83.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
| - Yes | 0 (0%) | 33(16.5%) | 102(100%) | |
| Pathological stage (T) | <0.001 | |||
| pT2 | 110 (77.5%) | 108 (53.0%) | 28 (27.4%) | |
| pT3a | 28 (19.7%) | 80 (39.9%) | 42 (41.2%) | |
| pT3b | 4 (2.8%) | 12 (7.1%) | 32 (31.4%) | |
| Pathological stage (N) | <0.001 | |||
| N0 | - | 26 (73.1%) | 89 (87.2%) | |
| N+ | - | 7 (26.9%) | 13 (12.8%) | |
| ISUP grading at surgery | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 75 (52.8%) | 14 (7.0%) | 3 (2.9%) | |
| 2 | 57 (40.2%) | 109 (54.5%) | 17 (16.7%) | |
| 3 | 9 (6.3%) | 58 (29.0%) | 22 (21.6%) | |
| 4 | 1 (0.7%) | 12 (6.0%) | 35 (34.5%) | |
| 5 | 0 (0%) | 7 (3.5%) | 25 (24.5%) | |
| Surgical margin at surgery (R) | 0.003 | |||
| - Negative | 129 (90.8%) | 162(80.8%) | 76 (74.5%) | |
| - Positive | 13 (9.2%) | 38 (19.2%) | 26 (25.5%) | |
| Positive surgical margin grading | <0.001 | |||
| - 3 | 13 (100%) | 33 (86.8%) | 9 (34.6%) | |
| - 4 | 0 (0%) | 5 (13.2%) | 16 (61.5%) | |
| - 5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.9%) | |
| Positive surgical margin radial distance (mm) | 2.86 ± 0.945; 3 (2–4) | 2.65 ± 0.89; 2.5 (2–6) | 3.34 ± 1.25; 3 (1–7) | 0.104 |
| Postoperative total PSA (ng/mL) (at 1 month) | 0.03 ± 0.08; 0.02 (0.01–1.0) | 0.04 ± 0.093; 0.02 (0.01–1.0) | 0.12 ± 0.3; 0.03 (0.01–2.0) | <0.001 |
| Biochemical progression | <0.001 | |||
| - No | 136 (95.8%) | 183 (91.5%) | 72 (70.6%) | |
| - Yes | 6 (4.2%) | 17 (8.5%) | 30 (29.4%) | |
| Time to biochemical progression (months) | 19.0 ± 15.83; 15 (6–48) | 23.88 ± 28.22; 18 (1–120) | 15.72 ± 24.12; 6 (1–4120) | 0.576 |
| Adjuvant therapy | <0.001 | |||
| - No | 139 (97.9%) | 186 (93.0%) | 66 (64.7%) | |
| - Yes | 3 (2.1%) | 14 (7.0%) | 36 (35.3%) | |
| Adjuvant therapy type | 0.290 | |||
| - RT | 3 (100%) | 13 (92.9%) | 21 (58.3%) | |
| - RT + ADT | 0 | 1 (7.1%) | 15 (41.7%) |