Table 4.
Distribution of preoperative and postoperative parameters on the basis of pT. Mean ± SD, median, (range). Number of cases (%).
| pT2 | pT3a | pT3b | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number cases | 246 | 150 | 48 | |
| Age (years) | 66.76 ± 6.45; 67 (48–71) | 68.25 ± 6.587; 68 (47–72) | 68.79 ± 6.75; 68 (54–73) | 0.032 |
| BMI | 25.71 ± 3.56; 25.3 7–37.2) | 26.25 ± 3.41; 25.7 (19–39.4) | 27.21 ± 3.8; 26.1 (19–37) | 0.077 |
| Charlson Index | 3.77 ± 1.08; 4 (0–7) | 4.05 ± 1.01; 4 (0–7) | 3.8 ± 1.05; 4 (1–6) | 0.179 |
| Familiarity | 0.211 | |||
| - Yes | 14 (5.7%) | 15 (10%) | 6 (12.5%) | |
| - No | 232 (94.3%) | 135 (90%) | 42 (87.5%) | |
| Digital Rectal Examination | <0.001 | |||
| - Normal | 226 (91.9%) | 118 (78.7%) | 52 (66.7%) | |
| - Suspicious | 20 (8.1%) | 32 (21.3%) | 16 (33.3%) | |
| Preoperative total PSA (ng/mL) | 7.64 ± 4.52; 6.85 (3.0–48.0) | 8.59 ± 4.77; 7.5 (3.0–33.0) | 13.55 ± 10.14: 11.2 (4.0–64.0) | <0.001 |
| PSAD | 0.19 ± 0.15; 0.15 (0.1–0.50) | 0.22 ± 0.15; 0.18 (0.1–0.59) | 0.35 ± 0.36; 0.23 (0.1–0.50) | 0.112 |
| Prostate volume (cc) | 48.0 ± 4.53; 45 (20–120) | 49.08 ± 14.4; 47 (24–90) | 43.91 ± 15.87; 40 (25–75) | 0.56 |
| mMR PIRADS score | 0.01 | |||
| PIRADS 2 | 6 (5.2%) | |||
| PIRADS 3 | 31 (26.9%) | 11 (15.1%) | 2 (10.0%) | |
| PIRADS 4 | 61 (53.1%) | 41 (56.2%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
| PIRADS 5 | 17 (14.8%) | 21 (28.7%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
| Prostate Tumor size (mm) at mMR | 10.9 ± 4.78; 10 (4–30) | 14.10 ± 5.98; 12 (5–35) | 20.53 ± 11.33; 18 (8–39) | <0.001 |
| Clinical T staging | <0.001 | |||
| T1 | 8 (3.2%) | 4 (2.7%) | 0 | |
| T2a | 29 (11.8%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | |
| T2b | 106 (43.1%) | 76 (50.7%) | 10 (20.8%) | |
| T2c | 96 (39.0%) | 51 (34.0%) | 26 (54.2%) | |
| T3a | 7 (2.9%) | 18 (12.0%) | 5 (10.4%) | |
| T3b | 0 | 0 | 7 (14.6%) | |
| Biopsy outcomes | <0.01 | |||
| % positive samples PCa | 33.15 ± 21.7.25 (5–100) | 48.11 ± 26.58; 44 (2–100) | 59.66 ± 29.42; 52.5 (10–100) | |
| ISUP grading at biopsy | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 113 (45.9%) | 31 (20.7%) | 5 (10.4%) | |
| 2 | 77 (31.4%) | 50 (33.3%) | 8 (16.7%) | |
| 3 | 34 (13.8%) | 37 (24.7%) | 15 (31.3%) | |
| 4 | 20 (8.1%) | 24 (16%) | 13 (27.0%) | |
| 5 | 2 (0.8%) | 8 (5.3%) | 7 (14.6%) | |
| Surgical technique at radical prostatectomy | 0.193 | |||
| - Laparoscopic | 157 (63.8%) | 91 (60.7%) | 36 (75.0%) | |
| - Robotic-assisted | 89 (36.2%) | 59 (39.3%) | 12 (25.0%) | |
| Operative time (minutes) | 159.02 ± 35.57; 160 (90–300) | 160.42 ± 33.21; 160 (90–300) | 165.28 ± 26.53; 177.5 (100–200) | 0.764 |
| Pathological stage (N) | <0.01 | |||
| N0 | 11 (100%) | 68 (88.9%) | 36 (75.0%) | |
| N+ | 0 (0%) | 8 (11.1%) | 12 (25.0%) | |
| ISUP grading at surgery | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 85 (34.6%) | 7 (4.7%) | 0 | |
| 2 | 114 (46.3%) | 65 (43.3%) | 4 (8.3%) | |
| 3 | 32 (13.0%) | 39 (26.0%) | 18 (37.5%) | |
| 4 | 13 (5.3%) | 27 (18.0%) | 8 (16.7%) | |
| 5 | 2 (0.8%) | 12 (8.0%) | 18 (37.5%) | |
| Surgical margin at surgery (R) | <0.001 | |||
| - Negative | 218 (88.6%) | 119 (79.2%) | 30 (62.5%) | |
| - Positive | 28 (11.4%) | 31 (20.8%) | 18 (37.5%) | |
| Positive surgical margin grading | 0.001 | |||
| - 3 | 24 (85.7%) | 25 (80.6%) | 6 (33.3%) | |
| - 4 | 4 (14.3%) | 5 (16.2%) | 12 (66.7%) | |
| - 5 | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Positive surgical margin radial distance (mm) | 2.72 ± 0.966; 3 (1–4) | 2.67 ± 0.84; 3 (2–5) | 3.71 ± 1.28; 3.5 (2–7) | 0.01 |
| PNI at surgery | <0.001 | |||
| Positive | 103 (41.9%) | 123 (82.0%) | 43 (89.6%) | |
| Negative | 143 (58.1%) | 27 (18.0%) | 5 (10.4%) | |
| Cribriform/IDC at surgery | 0.001 | |||
| - Positive | 2 (0.8%) | 10 (6.7%) | 8 (16.7%) | |
| - Negative | 244 (99.2%) | 140 (93.3%) | 40 (83.3%) | |
| Postoperative total PSA (ng/mL) (at 1 month) | 0.03 ± 0.31; 0.02 (0.01–0.1) | 0.05 ± 0.143; 0.02 (0.01–1.0) | 0.21 ± 0.419; 0.04 (0.01–2.0) | <0.001 |
| Biochemical progression (number of cases and %) | <0.001 | |||
| -No | 234 (95.1%) | 127 (84.7%) | 30 (62.5%) | |
| -Yes | 12 (4.9%) | 23 (13.3%) | 18 (37.5%) | |
| Time to biochemical progression (months) | 34.25 ± 42.26; 15 (3–120) | 16.1 ± 11.38; 12 (1–36) | 11.28 ± 15.18; 2 (1–48) | 0.032 |
| Adjuvant therapy | <0.001 | |||
| - No | 242(98.4%) | 133 (88.7%) | 16 (33.3%) | |
| - Yes | 4 (1.6%) | 17 (11.3%) | 32 (62.7%) | |
| Adjuvant therapy type | 0.033 | |||
| - RT | 4 (100%) | 14 (82.4%) | 19 (59.5%) | |
| - RT + ADT | 0 | 3 (17.6%) | 13 (40.6%) |