Table 5.
Distribution of preoperative and postoperative parameters on the basis of pN status. Mean ± SD, median, (range). Number of cases (%).
| pN0 | pN1 | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number cases | 115 | 20 | |
| Age (years) | 66.16 ± 6; 67 (47–72) | 67.37 ± 6.66; 68 (56–71) | 0.40 |
| BMI | 26.1 ± 3.3; 25.1 (19–39.4) | 27.01 ± 3.86; 26.65 (19–32.8) | 0.41 |
| Charlson Index | 3.75 ± 1.14; 4 (0–7) | 4 ± 0.6; 4 (3–5) | 0.454 |
| Familiarity | 0.145 | ||
| - Yes | 3 (1.5%) | 10 (50.0%) | |
| - no | 201 (98.5%) | 10 (50.0%) | |
| Digital Rectal Examination | <0.001 | ||
| - Normal | 156 (76.5%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
| - Suspicious | 48 (23.5%) | 11 (55.0%) | |
| Preoperative total PSA (ng/mL) | 8.72 ± 5.29; 7.5 (3.0–48.0) | 16.54 ± 8.83; 16 (5.0–30.0) | <0.001 |
| PSAD | 0.22 ± 0.175; 16 (0.1–0.6) | 0.51 ± 0.441; 0.33 (0.1–0.7) | 0.012 |
| Prostate volume (cc) | 48.38 ± 15.21; 47 (20–120) | 53.11 ± 21.86; 50 (25–90) | 0.386 |
| Prostate Tumor size (mm) at mMR | 11.94 ± 4.77; 10 (5–28) | 27.7 ± 10.47; 30 (11–39) | <0.001 |
| Clinical T staging | <0.001 | ||
| T1 | 4 (3.5%) | 0 | |
| T2a | 12 (10.4%) | 0 | |
| T2b | 45 (39.1%) | 3 (15.0%) | |
| T2c | 29 (25.2%) | 8 (40.0%) | |
| T3a | 21 (18.3%) | 6 (30.0%) | |
| T3b | 4 (3.5%) | 3 (15.0%) | |
| Clinical N staging | <0.001 | ||
| N0 | 114 (99.1%) | 17 (85.0%) | |
| N1 | 1 (0.9%) | 3 (15.5%) | |
| Number of suspected lymph node at imaging | 2 ± 1; 2 (1–3) | 4 ± 1; 4 (3–4) | 0.21 |
| Nomograms results (% risk for N+) | |||
| Briganti 2012 | 24.5 ± 17.12; 17: (2–82) | 26.4 ± 15.46; 20: (7–85) | 0.175 |
| Briganti 2019 | 23.4 ± 16.45; 16: (2–82) | 26.9 ± 21.36; 21: (4–78) | 0.143 |
| Biopsy outcomes | 0.001 | ||
| % positive samples PCa | 38.78 ± 24.76; 30 (2–100) | 72.54 ± 24.7; 75 (35–100) | |
| ISUP grading at biopsy | 0.304 | ||
| 1 | 7 (6.1%) | 1 (5.0%) | |
| 2 | 10 (8.7%) | 5 (25.0%) | |
| 3 | 42 (36.5%) | 6 (30.0%) | |
| 4 | 43 (37.4%) | 6 (30.0%) | |
| 5 | 13 (11.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | |
| Surgical technique at radical prostatectomy | 0.62 | ||
| - Laparoscopic | 64 (55.6%) | 12 (60.0%) | |
| - Robotic-assisted | 51 (44.4%) | 8 (40.0%) | |
| Operative time (minutes) | 166.01 ± 34.74; 160 (90–300) | 170 ± 26.06; 175 (135–220) | 0.68 |
| Pathological stage (T) | <0.001 | ||
| pT2 | 11 (9.6%) | 0 | |
| pT3a | 68 (59.1%) | 8 (40.0%) | |
| pT3b | 36 (31.3%) | 12 (60.0%) | |
| Number Lymph nodes removed at surgery | 0.60 | ||
| - Total cases | 17.07 ± 6.24; 18 (2–35) | 17.95 ± 9.38; 18.5 (6–47) | |
| Site of positive lymphnodes | -- | ||
| - Obturator | - | 20 (100%) | |
| - External iliac | - | 8 (40.0%) | |
| - Internal iliac | - | 9 (45.0%) | |
| ISUP grading at surgery | 0.001 | ||
| 1 | 1 (0.9%) | 0 | |
| 2 | 14 (12.2%) | 2 (10.0%) | |
| 3 | 44 (38.2%) | 8 (40.0%) | |
| 4 | 36 (38.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | |
| 5 | 20 (17.4%) | 8 (40.0%) | |
| Surgical margin at surgery (R) | 0.001 | ||
| - Negative | 83 (72.1%) | 11 (55.0%) | |
| - Positive | 32 (27.9%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
| Positive surgical margin grading | 0.384 | ||
| - 3 | 19 (59.4%) | 4 (44.4%) | |
| - 4 | 12 (37.5%) | 5 (55.6%) | |
| - 5 | 1 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Positive surgical margin radial distance (mm) | 3.03 ± 1; 3 (1–7) | 3.79 ± 1.72; 3 (1–7) | 0.136 |
| PNI at surgery | 0.02 | ||
| Positive | 70 (60.9%) | 4 (15.8%) | |
| Negative | 45 (39.1%) | 16 (84.2%) | |
| Cribriform | <0.001 | ||
| - Negative | 105 (91.3%) | 14 (73.7%) | |
| - Positive | 10 (8.7%) | 6 (26.3%) | |
| Postoperative total PSA (ng/mL)(at 1 month) | 0.05 ± 0.19; 0.02 (0.01–2.0) | 0.28 ± 0.376; 0.09 (0.01–1.0) | <0.001 |
| Biochemical progression | <0.001 | ||
| -No | 94 (81.7%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
| -Yes | 21 (18.3%) | 11 (55.0%) | |
| Time to biochemical progression (months) | 28.3 ± 34.6; 12 (1–120) | 4.18 ± 7.37; 3 (1–24) | 0.030 |
| Adjuvant therapy | <0.001 | ||
| - No | 85 (73.9%) | 6 (30.0%) | |
| - Yes | 30 (26.1%) | 14 (70.0%) | |
| Adjuvant therapy type | <0.001 | ||
| - RT | 24 (80.0%) | 4 (28.6%) | |
| - RT + ADT | 6 (20.0%) | 10 (71.4%) |