Table 6.
Distribution of preoperative and postoperative parameters on the basis of surgical margins (SM). Mean ± SD, median, (range). Number of cases (%).
| Negative SM | Positive SM | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number cases | 367 | 77 | |
| Age (years) | 67.44 ± 6.62; 68 (47–73) | 67.78 ± 6.14; 69 (52–72) | 0.68 |
| BMI | 25.88 ± 3.44; 25,4 (18.0–39.4) | 26.89 ± 4.04; 26.2 (19–37) | 0.83 |
| Charlson Index | 3.81 ± 1; 4 (0–7) | 4.14 ± 0.93; 4 (1–6) | 0.7 |
| Familiarity | 0.96 | ||
| - Yes | 23 (6.3%) | 12 (15.6%) | |
| - No | 344 (93.7%) | 65 (84.4%) | |
| Digital Rectal Examination | 0.01 | ||
| - Normal | 315 (85.8%) | 61 (79.2%) | |
| - Suspicious | 52 (14.2%) | 16 (20.8%) | |
| Preoperative total PSA (ng/mL) | 8.0 ± 1.07; 4 (3.0–7.0) | 11.54 ± 8.8; 9.6 (3.0–64.0) | <0.001 |
| PSAD | 0.21 ± 0.14; 0.17 (0.1–0.50) | 0.28 ± 0.318; 0.18 (0.2–0.59) | 0.253 |
| Prostate volume (cc) | 47.78 ± 14.65; 445 (20–120) | 49.97 ± 15.77; 46.5 (25–90) | 0.452 |
| Prostate Tumor size (mm) at mMR | 11.98 ± 5.66; 10 (4–39) | 16.52 ± 8.67; 14 (5–38) | <0.001 |
| Clinical T staging | <0.001 | ||
| T1 | 12 (3.2%) | 0 | |
| T2a | 30 (8.2%) | 0 | |
| T2b | 160 (43.6%) | 32 (42.1%) | |
| T2c | 142 (38.7%) | 31 (39.5%) | |
| T3a | 22 (6.0%) | 8 (10.5%) | |
| T3b | 1 (0.3%) | 6 (7.9%) | |
| Clinical N staging | 0.002 | ||
| N0 | 366 (99.7%) | 74 (96.1%) | |
| N1 | 1 (0.3%) | 3 (3.9%) | |
| Biopsy outcomes | <0.001 | ||
| % positive samples PCa | 38.31 ± 25.167; 30 (5–100) | 54.664 ± 26.78; 50 (2–100) | |
| ISUP grading at biopsy | 0.14 | ||
| 1 | 131 (35.7%) | 18 (23.4%) | |
| 2 | 107 (29.1%) | 28 (36.4%) | |
| 3 | 69 (18.7%) | 17 (22.0%) | |
| 4 | 50 (13.6%) | 7 (9.1%) | |
| 5 | 10 (2.7%) | 7 (9.1%) | |
| Surgical technique at radical prostatectomy | 0.345 | ||
| - Laparoscopic | 239 (65.1%) | 45 (59.2%) | |
| - Robotic-assisted | 128 (34.9%) | 32 (40.8%) | |
| Operative time (minutes) | 160.03 ± 36.02; 160 (90–300) | 160.63 ± 22.39; 160 (120–220) | 0.92 |
| Nerve sparing technique at surgery | 5 | 0.450 | |
| - No | 259 (70.4%) | 8 (74.7%) | |
| - Yes | 108 (29.6%) | 19 (25.3%) | |
| - Monolateral | 42 (38.9%) | 10 (52.6%) | |
| - Bilateral | 66 (61.1%) | 9 (47.4%) | 0.230 |
| Pathological stage (T) | <0.001 | ||
| pT2 | 218 (59.4%) | 28 (36.4%) | |
| pT3a | 119 (32.4%) | 31 (40.2%) | |
| pT3b | 30 (8.2%) | 18 (23.4%) | |
| ISUP grading at surgery | 0.006 | ||
| 1 | 84 (23%) | 8 (10.4%) | |
| 2 | 152 (41.3%) | 31 (40.3%) | |
| 3 | 70 (18.9%) | 19 (24.7%) | |
| 4 | 41 (11.2%) | 7 (9.1%) | |
| 5 | 20 (5.7%) | 12 (15.6%) | |
| Positive surgical margin site | -- | ||
| - Apex | 31(40.2%) | ||
| - Lateral | 23 (29.9%) | ||
| - Basal | 6 (7.8%) | ||
| - Posterior | 12 (15.6%) | ||
| - Multiple | 5 (6.5%) | ||
| Positive surgical margin grading | -- | ||
| - 3 | 55 (71.4%) | ||
| - 4 | 21 (27.3) | ||
| - 5 | 1 (1.3%) | ||
| Positive surgical margin radial distance (mm) | x | 2.97 ± 1.1; 3 (1–7) | -- |
| PNI at surgery | 0.05 | ||
| Positive | 215 (58.5%) | 54 (70.1%) | |
| Negative | 152 (41.5%) | 23 (29.9%) | |
| Cribriform/IDC at surgery | 0.20 | ||
| - Positive | 12 (3.3%) | 8 (10.4%) | |
| - Negative | 355 (96.7%) | 69 (89.6%) | |
| Postoperative total PSA (ng/mL)(at 1 month) | 0.04 ± 0.97; 0.02 (0.01–1.0) | 0.13 ± 3.4; 0.03 (0.01–2.0) | <0.001 |
| Biochemical progression | <0.001 | ||
| -No | 338 (92.1%) | 53 (68.8%) | |
| -Yes | 29 (7.9%) | 24 (31.2%) | |
| Time to biochemical progression (months) | 25.45 ± 29.4; 18 (1–120) | 9.73 ± 11.57; 4.5 (1–48) | 0.022 |
| Adjuvant therapy | <0.001 | ||
| - No | 359 (91.6%) | 34 (44.1%) | |
| - Yes | 10 (8.4%) | 43 (55.9%) | |
| Adjuvant therapy type | 0.037 | ||
| - RT | 4 (40.0%) | 33 (76.7%) | |
| - RT + ADT | 6 (60.0%) | 10 (23.3%) |