Table 7.
Distribution of preoperative and postoperative parameters on the basis of biochemical recurrence (BCR). Mean ± SD, median, (range). Number of cases (%).
| No BCR | Yes BCR | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number cases | 391 | 53 | |
| Age (years) | 67.13 ± 6.588; 68 (47–72) | 68.62 ± 6.7; 70 (49–73) | 0.131 |
| BMI | 25.74 ± 3.43; 25 (18–37) | 27.21 ± 3.61; 26.7 (21.4–39.4) | 0.017 |
| Charlson Index | 3.85 ± 1.02; 4 (0–7) | 3.86 ± 1.39; 4 (0–7) | 0.96 |
| Familiarity | 0.12 | ||
| - Yes | 28 (7.2%) | 7 (13.2%) | |
| - No | 363 (92.8%) | 46 (86.8%) | |
| Digital Rectal Examination | <0.001 | ||
| - Normal | 340 (86.9%) | 36 (67.9%) | |
| - Suspicious | 51 (13.1%) | 17 (32.1%) | |
| Preoperative total PSA (ng/mL) | 8.14 ± 5.04; 7.1 (3.0–64.0) | 11.37 ± 7.03; 9.65 (4.0–30.0) | <0.001 |
| PSAD | 0.2 ± 0.145; 0.17 (0.1–0.59) | 0.26 ± 0.48; 0.28 (0.1–0.47) | 0.007 |
| Prostate volume (cc) | 48.15 ± 14.6; 45 (20–120) | 48.55 ± 18.37; 50 (25–90) | 0.933 |
| Prostate Tumor size (mm) at mMR | 11.95 ± 5.14; 10 (4–30) | 23.21 ± 11.18; 20 (10–39) | <0.001 |
| Clinical T staging | <0.001 | ||
| T1 | 12 (3.1%) | 0 | |
| T2a | 30 (7.7%) | 0 | |
| T2b | 173 (44.2%) | 19 (35.8%) | |
| T2c | 148 (37.8%) | 25 (47.2%) | |
| T3a | 26 (6.7%) | 4 (7.5%) | |
| T3b | 2 (0.5%) | 5 (9.4%) | |
| Clinical N staging | <0.001 | ||
| N0 | 390 (99.7%) | 50 (94.3%) | |
| N1 | 1 (0.3%) | 3 (5.7%) | |
| Biopsy outcomes | <0.001 | ||
| % positive samples PCa | 38.68 ± 25.2; 30 (2–100) | 59.21 ± 27.57; 50 (14–100) | |
| ISUP grading at biopsy | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 143 (36.6%) | 6 (11.3%) | |
| 2 | 123 (31.4%) | 12 (22.6%) | |
| 3 | 70 (17.9%) | 16 (30.2%) | |
| 4 | 46 (11.8%) | 11 (20.8%) | |
| 5 | 9 (2.3%) | 8 (15.1%) | |
| Surgical technique at radical prostatectomy | 0.034 | ||
| - Laparoscopic | 243 (62.1%) | 41 (77.4%) | |
| - Robotic-assisted | 148 (37.9%) | 12 (22.6%) | |
| Nerve sparing technique at surgery | 0.002 | ||
| - No | 270 (69.1%) | 47 (88.7%) | |
| - Yes | 121 (30.9%) | 6 (11.3%) | |
| - Monolateral | 48 (28.9%) | 4 (80.0%) | |
| - Bilateral | 73 (71.1%) | 2 (20.0%) | 0.016 |
| Pathological stage (T) | <0.001 | ||
| pT2 | 234 (59.8%) | 12 (22.6%) | |
| pT3a | 127 (32.5%) | 23 (43.4%) | |
| pT3b | 30 (7.7%) | 18 (34.0%) | |
| pT4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Pathological stage (N) | 0.014 | ||
| N0 | 94 (91.3%) | 21 (65.6%) | |
| N+ | 9 (8.7%) | 11 (34.4%) | |
| ISUP grading at surgery | p < 0.001 | ||
| 1 | 88 (22.5%) | 4 (7.5%) | |
| 2 | 172 (43.0%) | 11 (20.8%) | |
| 3 | 75 (19.0%) | 14 (24.4%) | |
| 4 | 40(11.4%) | 8 (15.1%) | |
| 5 | 16 (4.1%) | 16 (20.2%) | |
| Surgical margin at surgery (R) | <0.001 | ||
| - Negative | 338 (86.4%) | 29 (54.7%) | |
| - positive | 53 (13.6%) | 24 (45.3%) | |
| Positive surgical margin grading | <0.001 | ||
| - 3 | 45 (84.9%) | 10 (41.7%) | |
| - 4 | 7 (13.2%) | 14 (58.3%) | |
| - 5 | 1 (1.9%) | 0 | |
| Positive surgical margin radial distance (mm) | 2.67 ± 0.82; 3 (1–4) | 3.75 ± 1.35; 3.5 (2–7) | 0.001 |
| PNI at surgery | <0.001 | ||
| Positive | 225 (57.5%) | 44 (83.0%) | |
| Negative | 166 (42.5%) | 9 (17.0%) | |
| Cribriform/IDC at surgery | 0.217 | ||
| - Positive | 15 (3.8%) | 5 (9.4%) | |
| - Negative | 376 (91.2%) | 48 (90.6%) | |
| Postoperative total PSA (ng/mL) (at 1 month) | 0.03 ± 0.03; 0.02 (0.01–0.1) | 0.24 ± 0.433; 0.07 (0.01–2.0) | <0.001 |
| Time to biochemical progression (months) | 18.67 ± 24.57; 12 (1–120) | -- | |
| Adjuvant therapy | <0.001 | ||
| - No | 359 (91.8%) | 32 (60.4%) | |
| - Yes | 32 (8.2%) | 21 (39.6%) | |
| Adjuvant therapy type | 0.042 | ||
| - RT | 26 (81.2%) | 11 (55.0%) | |
| - RT + ADT | 6 (18.8%) | 10 (45.0%) |