Table 8.
(a) Risk for extracapsular extention (pT3a and pT3b) at surgery on the basis of different preoperative parameters at univariate and multivariate analysis. (b) Risk for upgrading (ISUP 1–2 in ISUP 3–5) at surgery on the basis of different preoperative parameters at univariate and multivariate analysis. (c) Risk for lymp hnode involvement (pN1) at surgery on the basis of different preoperative parameters at univariate and multivariate analysis. (d) Risk for positive surgical margin at surgery on the basis of different preoperative parameters at univariate and multivariate analysis. (e) Risk for biochemical progression after surgery on the basis of different preoperative parameters at univariate and multivariate analysis.
| (a) | ||||||
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| Parameter | OR | 95%CI | p Value | OR | 95%CI | p Value |
| Preoperative PSA | ||||||
| <10 ng/mL | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| ≥10 ng/mL | 3.46 | 2.19–5.44 | <0.001 | 1.79 | 0.78–4.0 | 0.16 |
| PIRADS score | ||||||
| 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 4 | 1.98 | 0.92–4.37 | 0.079 | 1.30 | 0.53–3.15 | 0.50 |
| 5 | 4.84 | 1.97–11.93 | <0.001 | 1.70 | 0.55–5.16 | 0.30 |
| Prostate biopsy + | ||||||
| monolateral | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| bilateral | 1.40 | 0.95–2.07 | 0.087 | 2.0 | 1.48–6.22 | 0.064 |
| Max percentage PCa tissue per core | Not included | |||||
| <25% | 1.0 | |||||
| 25–50% | 1.33 | 0.76–2.35 | 0.285 | |||
| 51–75% | 1.33 | 0.76–2.35 | 0.285 | |||
| >75% | 2.0 | 0.75–5.33 | 0.102 | |||
| ISUP grading | ||||||
| 1 e 2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 3 | 5.41 | 3.23–0.97 | <0.001 | 2.10 | 0.95–5.02 | 0.06 |
| 4–5 | 10.63 | 5.79–19.52 | <0.001 | 6.40 | 1.72–24.44 | 0.006 |
| Risk Classes | ||||||
| Low | 1.0 | |||||
| Intermediate | 1.20 | 0.87–2.45 | 0.276 | 1.0 | ||
| High | 2.90 | 1.74–4.89 | <0.001 | 2.80 | 1.1–6.2 | 0.04 |
| (b) | ||||||
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| Parameter | OR | 95%CI | p Value | OR | 95%CI | p Value |
| Preoperative PSA | ||||||
| <10 ng/mL | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| ≥10 ng/mL | 3.42 | 1.65–7.10 | <0.001 | 2.20 | 0.7–8.69 | 0.15 |
| PIRADS score | Not included | |||||
| 3 | 1.0 | |||||
| 4 | 1.57 | 0.4–6.09 | 0.51 | |||
| 5 | 0.58 | 0.56–5.96 | 0.64 | |||
| Prostate biopsy + | ||||||
| monolateral | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| bilateral | 2.06 | 1.01–4.18 | 0.042 | 1.71 | 0.8–3.54 | 0.1 |
| Max percentage PCa tissue per core | Not included | |||||
| <25% | 1.0 | |||||
| 25–50% | 1.0 | |||||
| 51–75% | 1.20 | 0.66–2.15 | 0.385 | |||
| >75% | 1.33 | 0.75–2.53 | 0.102 | |||
| Risk Classes | ||||||
| Low | 1.0 | |||||
| Intermediate | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| High | 2.90 | 1.74–4.89 | <0.001 | 3.28 | 1.45–7.4 | 0.04 |
| (c) | ||||||
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| Parameter | OR | 95%CI | p Value | OR | 95%CI | p Value |
| Preoperative PSA | ||||||
| <10 ng/mL | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| ≥10 ng/mL | 4.27 | 1.65–11.02 | 0.001 | 1.31 | 0.63–2.71 | 0.47 |
| PIRADS score | ||||||
| 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 4 | 1.07 | 1–1.15 | 0.10 | 2.55 | 1.08–6 | 0.03 |
| 5 | 1.28 | 1.08–1.53 | 0.003 | 3.97 | 1.36–11.54 | 0.01 |
| Prostate biopsy + | ||||||
| Monolateral | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Bilateral | 5.20 | 1.48–18.36 | 0.005 | 1.35 | 0.96–1.89 | 0.78 |
| Max percentage PCa tissue per core | Not included | |||||
| <25% | 1.0 | |||||
| 25–50% | 1.0 | |||||
| 51–75% | 1.0 | |||||
| >75% | 1.50 | 0.67–3.39 | 0.27 | |||
| Risk classes | ||||||
| Low | 1.0 | |||||
| Intermediate | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| High | 7.32 | 2.06–25.94 | <0.001 | 4.50 | 1.7.11.9 | 0.002 |
| Number of lymph nodes removed at surgery | ||||||
| <10 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 10–15 | 3.36 | 0.7–12 | 0.10 | 1.70 | 0.62–11 | 0.5 |
| >15 | 5.69 | 1.78–18.17 | 0.001 | 4.10 | 1.009–26.5 | 0.049 |
| Nomogram risk | ||||||
| ≤7% | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| >7% | 1.30 | 1.07–1.49 | 0.10 | 1.61 | 0.17–15.1 | 0.60 |
| Surgical technique | ||||||
| Laparoscopy | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Robotic-assisted | 1.20 | 0.5–3.15 | 0.60 | 2.0 | 0.34–12.66 | 0.60 |
| ISUP grading | ||||||
| 1 e 2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 3 | 9.45 | 1.93–46.32 | 0.003 | 2.21 | 3.0–11.52 | 0.005 |
| 4–5 | 9.28 | 1.96–43.86 | <0.001 | 5.89 | 3.0–11.52 | <0.003 |
| pTstage | ||||||
| pT2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| pT3a | 1.08 | 1.01–1.15 | 0.012 | 1.20 | 0.76–1.96 | 0.40 |
| pT3b | 1.70 | 1.28–2.25 | <0.001 | 3.34 | 1.5–7.4 | 0.003 |
| (d) | ||||||
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| Parameter | OR | 95%CI | p Value | OR | 95%CI | p Value |
| Preoperative PSA | ||||||
| <10 ng/mL | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| ≥10 ng/mL | 3.57 | 2–5.63 | <0.001 | 2.98 | 1–8.8 | 0.04 |
| Prostate volume | Not included | |||||
| <50 cc | 1.0 | |||||
| ≥50 cc | 1.04 | 0.47–2.33 | 0.90 | |||
| PIRADS score | ||||||
| 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 4 | 1.57 | 0.54–4.54 | 0.40 | 0.89 | 0.2–3.2 | 0.80 |
| 5 | 3.32 | 1.08–10.23 | 0.03 | 1.90 | 0.7–9.5 | 0.20 |
| Prostate biopsy + | Not included | |||||
| Monolateral | 1.0 | |||||
| Bilateral | 1.14 | 0.68–1.09 | 0.60 | |||
| Risk classes | ||||||
| Low | 1.0 | |||||
| Intermediate | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| High | 1.44 | 0.81–2.54 | 0.20 | 4.98 | 1.0–22.8 | 0.40 |
| Surgical technique | ||||||
| Laparoscopic | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Robotic-assisted | 1.27 | 0.7–2.1 | 0.35 | 1.20 | 0.5–1.8 | 0.40 |
| Nerve sparing tecnique at surgery | ||||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Yes | 0.80 | 0.46–1.44 | 0.48 | 2.10 | 0.5–7.9 | 0.30 |
| Operative time | Not included | |||||
| ≤120 min | 1.0 | |||||
| >120 min | 1.57 | 0.34–7.27 | 0.56 | |||
| pTstage | ||||||
| pT2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| pT3a | 2.0 | 1.15–3.52 | 0.01 | 2.0 | 1.1–3.65 | 0.20 |
| pT3b | 4.60 | 2.27–9.32 | <0.001 | 4.60 | 2–10.67 | <0.001 |
| ISUP grading at surgery | ||||||
| 1–2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 3 | 1.65 | 0.90–3.0 | 0.10 | 1.37 | 0.73–2.66 | 0.30 |
| 4–5 | 1.84 | 1.0–3.41 | 0.05 | 1.40 | 0.74–2.70 | 0.30 |
| (e) | ||||||
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| Parameter | OR | 95%CI | p Value | OR | 95%CI | p Value |
| Preoperative PSA | ||||||
| <10 ng/mL | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| ≥10 ng/mL | 3.0 | 1.68–5.57 | <0.001 | 4.12 | 1.2–19.21 | 0.007 |
| PIRADS score | ||||||
| 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 4 | 1.05 | 1–1.09 | 0.06 | 1.02 | 0.9–1.20 | 0.90 |
| 5 | 1.42 | 1.17–1.71 | <0.001 | 1.90 | 0.7–9.50 | 0.20 |
| Prostate biopsy + | ||||||
| Monolateral | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Bilateral | 2.64 | 1.37–5.10 | 0.003 | 4.52 | 0.81–25.10 | 0.08 |
| Risk classes | ||||||
| Low | 1.0 | |||||
| Intermediate | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| High | 4.35 | 2.47–8.44 | <0.001 | 9.66 | 1.85–50.32 | 0.007 |
| Surgical technique | ||||||
| Laparoscopic | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Robotic-assisted | 0.38 | 0.19–0.75 | 0.007 | 0.66 | 0.17–2.55 | 0.66 |
| Nerve sparing tecnique at surgery | ||||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Yes | 0.24 | 0.09–0.62 | 0.002 | 0.30 | 0.10–2.20 | 0.30 |
| Operative time | ||||||
| ≤120 min | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| >120 min | 1.10 | 0.99–1.14 | 0.23 | 0.98 | 0.65–1.62 | 0.90 |
| pTstage | ||||||
| pT2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| pT3a | 3.42 | 1.64–7.14 | <0.001 | 1.20 | 0.70–3.0 | 0.40 |
| pT3b | 11.10 | 4.80–25.75 | <0.001 | 2.82 | 0.99–8.21 | 0.06 |
| ISUP grading at surgery | ||||||
| 1–2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 3 | 3.21 | 1.47–7.0 | 0.005 | 1.87 | 0.83–5.72 | 0.190 |
| 4–5 | 6.76 | 3.32–13.70 | <0.001 | 3.73 | 1.50–9.50 | 0.006 |
| Lymphnode involvement | ||||||
| pN0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| pN1 | 2.46 | 1.82–5.13 | 0.010 | 8.32 | 1.53–45.0 | 0.014 |
| Number of Lymph nodes removed | ||||||
| <10 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 10–15 | 3.18 | 0.99–10.21 | 0.60 | 1.7 | 0.40–3.20 | 0.40 |
| >15 | 2.86 | 1.24–6.60 | 0.010 | 2.2 | 0.80–4.50 | 0.20 |
| Surgical margins | ||||||
| Negative | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Positive | 4.97 | 2.39–10.34 | <0.001 | 7.20 | 1.80–28.30 | 0.004 |
| Surgical margins grade | ||||||
| 3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 4 | 5.0 | 5.57–45.0 | <0.001 | 4.96 | 2.37–10.37 | <0.001 |
| PNI at surgery | ||||||
| Negative | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Positive | 4.50 | 1.92–10.55 | <0.001 | 1.50 | 0.63–4.50 | 0.32 |