Figure 4.
Gut microbiota metabolism of marine-derived fucose-containing carbohydrates and signal transduction pathways related to SCFAs, indole derivatives, and bile acids. FCCs increase the numbers of beneficial bacteria and levels of beneficial metabolites, which confers a favorable balance in the gut microbiota and systemic metabolism. BA, bile acids; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; GLP1, glucagon-like peptide-1; GPR, G protein-coupled receptors; TGB-β, transforming growth factor-β; IgA, immunoglobulin A; AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ARNT, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator; CYP1A1, cytochrome P450 1A1.