Figure 6.

The antitumor mechanisms of FCCs on gastrointestinal cancer. FCCs have been identified as potential anticancer agents against gastric and colon cancers, involving mechanisms of targeting cancer cells, regulating apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibiting tumor metastasis. GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; CDX2, caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2; HDAC, histone deacetylase; Syk, spleen tyrosine kinase; CLEC-2, C-type lectin-like receptor-2; APAF1, apoptotic protease activating factor-1; FADD, fas-associating protein with a novel death domain; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.