Table 5.

Other intervention studies. MPTP: 1-Methyl-4-phenil-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. UCB: Umbilical Cord Blood. UC-MSCs: Umbilical Cord-Mesenchymal Stem Cells. SNpc: Substantia Nigra pars compacta. GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1. MAO-B: Monoamine oxidase-B. DA: Dopamine.

	PD Model					Intervention
Author	Model	Toxic	Dose	Duration	Administration	Dose	Duration	Administration	Results
[52]	Sprague–Dawley rats	MPTP	20 mg/kg/day	15 days	Intraperitoneal	UCB (500 µL)	5, 10, and 12 days	Intravascular	Improvement in motor function, gut motility, and dopaminergic neuronal survival. Reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in both the SNpc and the intestinal mucosa and dampened inflammation-associated gut microbiota.
[53]	C57BL/6 mice		30 mg/kg/day	5 days		UC-MSCs 1 × 106 cells/40 μL	7 days	Intranasal	Improvement in motor dysfunction and repair of the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting activated glial cells, decreasing proinflammatory cytokine release, maintaining normal mucosal barrier, and restricting NF-кB expression.
[54]			20 mg/kg/day	7 days		Ceftriaxone 200 mg/kg	7 days	Intraperitoneal	Regulation of the intestinal microbiota. Relief of motor dysfunction and decreased exploratory ability. Increased intestinal barrier integrity, reduced inflammation of the colon and brain, and neuroprotective effect.
						FMT 200 μL (107 CFU/mL)		Oral (gavage)
[55]			30 mg/kg/day			Dioscin 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg	28 days		Remodeling of the gut microbiota and regulation of bile acid-mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by targeting GLP-1 signaling.
[56]			20 mg/kg			Vancomycin 100 mg/kg/day	14 days		Suppression of MAO-B expression and DA catabolism possibly via the gut and brain TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/TNF-α.