Table 5.

DXA-based findings in patients with NPHPT [36,38,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47] (Abbreviations: BMD = bone mineral density; F = female; hPHPT = hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism; M = male; NA = not available; nPHPT = normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism; nhPHPT = normal hormonal primary hyperparathyroidism; N = number of patients; y = years; vs. = versus).

Reference Number	Studied Population	Lumbar BMD and T-Score (or Z-Score)	Femoral Neck/Hip BMD and T-Score (or Z-Score)	1/3 Radius BMD and T-Score
[36]	N1 = 266 with hPHPT F:M = 234:32 Mean age = 59.0 ± 11.8 y N2 = 48 with nPHPT F:M = 42:6 Mean age = 56.9 ± 13.4 y	BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.91 (0.80–1.00) N2: 0.92 (0.82–1.06) p = 0.690	Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.76 (0.65–0.86) N2: 0.78 (0.68–0.86) p = 0.530 Total hip BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.77 (0.71–0.91) N2: 0.82 (0.75–0.97) p = 0.533	BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.51 (0.44–0.58) N2: 0.54 (0.48–0.58) p = 0.957
[38]	N1 = 30 with hPHPT F:M = 27:3 Mean age = 69.3 ± 9.1 y N2 = 30 with nPHPT F:M = 28:2 Mean age = 69.7 ± 7.2 y N3 = 45 with osteoporosis without PHPT F:M = 43:2 Mean age = 68.4 ± 7.7 y	BMD (g/cm2) N1: −0.99 ± 0.16 N2: −0.97 ± 0.13 N3: −0.99 ± 0.16 p = 0.13 T-score N1: −1.7 ± 1 N2: −1.9 ± 0.9 N3: −2.3 ± 0.9 p = 0.04	Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.795 ± 0.14 N2: 0.777 ± 0.1 N3: 0.75 ± 0.088 p = 0.313 Femoral neck T-score N1: −2.2 ± 0.88 N2: −2.1 ± 0.66 N3: −2.2 ± 0.49 p = 0.6	NA
[40]	N1 = 50 with hPHPT F:M = 47:3 Mean age = 65.2 ± 11.6 y N2 = 40 with nPHPT F:M = 37:3 Mean age = 63.4 ± 9.0 y N3 = 80 age-matched controls F:M = 75:5 Mean age = 65.4 ± 7.8 y	BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.82 ± 0.19 N2: 0.88 ± 0.18 N3: 0.87 ± 0.14 p = 0.327	Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.63 ± 0.11 N2: 0.67 ± 0.11 N3: 0.67 ± 0.08 p = 0.101 Total hip BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.79 ± 0.14 N2: 0.84 ± 0.12 N3: 0.84 ± 0.10 p = 0.1	NA
[41]	N1 = 158 with hPHPT F:M = 120:38 Mean age = 59.3 ± 14.0 y N2 = 122 with nPHPT F:M = 105:17 Mean age = 54.3 ± 13.1 y	T-score N1: −2.4 ± 1.2 N2: −2.0 ± 1.3 p = 0.024	NA	NA
[42]	N1 = 71 with hPHPT (28 lost to follow-up) F:M = 55:16 Mean age = 61.4 ± 11 y N2 = 16 with nPHPT (2 lost to follow-up) F:M = 13:3 Mean age = 61.6 ± 11 y	BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.8 ± 0.1 N2: 0.8 ± 0.2 p = 0.7 T-score N1: −2.1 ± 1.3 N2: −2.3 ± 1.5 p = 0.62	Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.7 ± 0.1 N2: 0.6 ± 0.1 p = 0.08 Femoral neck T-score N1: −1.7 ± 0.9 N2: −1.9 ± 1.1 p = 0.36	BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.5 ± 0.1 N2: 0.5 ± 0.1 p = 0.7 T-score N1: −2.0 ± 1.3 N2: −2.2 ± 1.2 p = 0.7
[43]	N1 = 88 with hPHPT F:M = 68:20 Mean age = 60.6 ± 11 y N2 = 16 with nPHPT F:M = 13:3 Mean age = 60.9 ± 10.4 y	T-score N1: 2.1 ± 1.1 N2: 2.4 ± 0.9 p = 0.4	Femoral neck T-score N1: 1.8 ± 1.0 N2: 2.0 ± 0.9 p = 0.3	T-score N1: 2.2 ± 1.2 N2: 2.0 ± 0.9 p = 0.95
[46]	N1 = 41 with hPHPT F:M = 38:3 Mean age = 63.9 ± 12 y N2 = 47 with nPHPT F:M = 43:4 Mean age = 63.8 ± 9.3 y N3 = 39 controls F:M = 35:4 Mean age = 64.7 ± 7 y	BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.880 ± 0.184 N2: 0.893 ± 0.186 N3: 0.904 ± 0.149 p > 0.05 (N2 vs. N1, N2 vs. N3, N3 vs. N1) T-score N1: −1.5 ± 1.6 N2: −1.4 ± 1.7 N3: −1.3 ± 1.3 p > 0.05 (N2 vs. N1, N2 vs. N3, N3 vs. N1)	Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.633 ± 0.107 N2: 0.659 ± 0.108 N3: 0.671 ± 0.075 p > 0.05 (N2 vs. N1, N2 vs. N3, N3 vs. N1) Femoral neck T-score N1: −2.0 ± 1.0 N2: −1.8 ± 0.9 N3: −1.6 ± 0.7 p > 0.05 (N2 vs. N1, N2 vs. N3, N3 vs. N1) Total hip BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.795 ± 0.126 N2: 0.819 ± 0.125 N3: 0.872 ± 0.097 p < 0.05 (N1 vs. N3) Total hip T-score N1: −1.2 ± 1 N2: −1.1 ± 0.9 N3: −0.6 ± 0.7 p < 0.05 (N1 vs. N3)	BMD (g/cm2) N1: 0.563 ± 0.078 N2: 0.605 ± 0.08 N3: 0.620 ± 0.065 p < 0.05 (N1 vs. N2, N1 vs. N3) T-score N1: −2.3 ± 1.3 N2: −1.6 ± 1.2 N3: −1.3 ± 0.8 p < 0.05 (N1 vs. N2) p < 0.001 (N1 vs. N3)
[47]	N1 = 17 with hPHPT F:M = 15:2 Mean age = 67 ± 6 y N2 = 11 with nPHPT F:M = 10:1 Mean age = 68 ± 11 y N3 = 300 controls F:M = 214:86 Mean age = 70 ± 20 y	Z-score N1: −0.2 ± 1.3 N2: 0.2 ± 2.2 N3: −0.1 ± 1.7 p = 0.932	Femoral neck Z-score N1: −0.4 ± 0.8 N2: −0.1 ± 1.3 N3: −0.4 ± 1.0 p = 0.770	NA