Table 3.
Summary of the baseline characteristics of the study populations, CT examination, and CM protocol.
|
Author
(Year) n. of Patients |
Purpose of CT
Examination |
n. of Patients (SECT vs. DECT) |
CT Scanner (SECT vs. DECT) |
CT Scan Protocol (SECT vs. DECT) |
Contrast Protocol (SECT vs. DECT) |
Dose (SECT vs. DECT) CTDIvol (mGy) DLP (mGy/cm) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Raju et al. (2014) [27] n = 102 (57) |
Coronary art. | 53 vs. 49 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 100 (BMI < 30)/120 (BMI > 30) kVp, ATCM, NI 28, ASIR 40% vs. 80/140 kVp, 600 mA; 1.25 mm, 0.5 s, table feed/rotation 0.984 mm, prospective ECG-gating, test bolus |
Iodixanol 320, 80 mL vs. 35 mL, 5.5 mL/s | 164.79 (84.49) vs. 159.41 (46.73) |
| 2 | Carrascosa et al. (2015) [30] n = 36 (27) |
Coronary art. | 36 * | SSrs 64-MDCT | 100 (BMI < 30)/120 (BMI > 30) kVp, mA based on BMI vs. 80/140 kVp, 600–640 mA, ASIR 40%; collim. 0.625 mm, 0.625/0.625 mm, 0.350 s, prospective ECG-gating |
Iobitridol 350, BMIx0.9 mL, 4.5–5.0 mL/s vs. 50% of iodine dose, 4–5 mL/s | N/A |
| 3 | Oda et al. (2019) [28] n = 60 (35) |
Coronary art., asc. aorta | 30 vs. 30 | SSdl 128-MDCT | 120 kVp, ATCM, DRI 36, 0.67/0.33, 0.27 s, pitch 0.16, iDose 3 vs. Spectral level 0, retrospective ECG gating, bolus track (100 HU in asc. aorta +6 s) | Iopamidol 370, 280 mg/kg vs. 140 mg/kg, rate adjusted for 16 s IT | 36.5 (8.2) vs. 33.3 (8.1) |
| 4 | Rotzinger et al. (2021) [29] n = 203 (114) |
Coronary art. | 103 vs. 100 | SSdl 128-MDCT | 120 kVp, ATCM (max 220 mA), collim. 0.625 mm, 0.9 mm, 0.27 s, iDose 3, retrospective ECG gating, bolus track. (130 HU in desc. Aorta) | Iomeprol 400, 1 mL/kg (max 90 mL), 5 mL/s vs. 0.5 mL/kg (max 45 mL), 2.5 mL/s | 23 (13.5) vs. 21.6 (13.6); 430.7 (266.1) vs. 392.8 (251.7) |
| 5 | Yuan et al. (2012) [32] n = 94 (55) |
Pulmonary art. | 46 vs. 48 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 100 (BMI < 30)/120 (BMI < 30) kVp, ATCM, NI 28, ASIR 40%, vs. 80/140 kVp, 600 mA; 1.25 mm, 0.5 s, table feed/rotation 0.984 mm, test bolus |
Ioversol 320 vs. 50%-diluted ioversol 320, CV = inj. rate * (preparation delay + scan time −6), 4–5 mL/s (based on BMI) | 400.8 (208.7) vs. 412.5 (34.1) |
| 6 | Dong et al. (2013) [31] n = 86 (46) |
Pulmonary art. | 41 vs. 45 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, 300 mA, ASIR 30% vs. 80/140 kVp, ATCM (550 mA); 1.25 mm, 0.5 s, pitch 1.375:1, bolus track. (peak in main pulm. art.) |
Iopamidol 370, 50 mL vs. 20 mL, 5 mL/s | 7.06 (1.06) vs. 12.72 †; 195.1 (35.4) vs. 337.5 (29.9) † |
| 7 | Delesalle et al. (2013) [33] n = 110 (78) |
Pulmonary art. and v., desc. aorta | 30 vs. 80 | DS 128-MDCT | 120 kVp, 90 mA, 0.28 s, pitch 1.5 vs. 80/140 kVp, ATCM (250/149 mA), 0.33 s, pitch 1, FBP; collim. 2 × 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm, bolus track. (100 HU in asc. Aorta) |
Iohexol 350, 90 mL vs. iohexol 170, 120 mL, 4 mL/s |
166.13 (45.46) vs. 272.3 (59.24) ‡ |
| 8 | Clark et al. (2015) [34] n = 24 (13) |
Liver, pancreas, abd. aorta | 24 * | 16 or 40-MDCT vs. SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, 100–600 or 250 mA, collim. 1.25 mm, 1.25/2.5 mm or 2.5/2.5 mm, 0.8 or 0.7 s, pitch 1.375:1 or 0.906; vs. 80/140 kVp, 600 mA, collim. 0.625 mm, 0.625/0.625 and 2.5/2.5 mm, 0.8 s, pitch 1.375:1/55.00, ASIR 40%; HAP (bolus track., aortic peak +15 s), PP (35 s), PVP (60–70 s), EP (180 s) | iohexol 350 or iopamidol 370, 104–200 mL or 98–200 (based on BW) vs. 70–133 or 55–90 mL (based on BW), rate adjusted for 30 s IT | 1335 (562) vs. 1421 (564) |
| 9 | Ma et al. (2016) [40] n = 50 (28) |
Portal v. | 25 vs. 25 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, NI 10 vs. 80/140 kVp; ATCM, collim. 0.625 mm, 5.0/1.25 mm, 0.8 s, pitch 1.375:1, ASIR 50%, PVP (65 s) |
Iopromide 370, 500 mgI/kg vs. 350 mgI/kg, rate adjusted for 25 s IT | 13.1 (2.3) vs. 10.4 (4.0); 410.1 (141.9) vs. 387.5 (128.7) |
| 10 | Lv et al. (2017) [39] n = 160 (90) |
Liver, portal v., abd. aorta | 80 vs. 80 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, 101–480 mA, NI 10, 1.5/1.0 mm, 0.7 s, pitch 1.375:1 vs. 80/140 kVp, 260–600 mA, 5.0/1.25 mm, 0.5–1.0 s, pitch 1.375:1, ASIR 50%; AP (30 s), PVP (60 s) |
Iohexol 350, 450 mgI/kg vs. 300 mgI/kg, rate based on BW | 12.52 (4.85) vs. 11.95 (4.21); 354.53 (124.27) vs. 332.70 (119.67) |
| 11 | Li et al. (2018) [38] n = 62 (24) |
Liver | 31 vs. 31 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, 150–650 mA, NI 10, 0.7 s vs. 80/140 kVp, 260–640 mA, 0.5–1.0 s; 1.25/1.25 mm, pitch 1.375:1, ASIR 30% vs. 30% or 50%, AP (bolus track., 150 HU in abd. aorta +5.6 s), PVP (+30 s), EP (+300 s) |
Iopamidol 370, 450 mgI/kg vs. Iodixanol 270, 270 mgI/kg, 4 mL/s |
19.31 (4.11) vs. 11.27 (3.68) †; 528.49 (181.10) vs. 368.00 (104.83) † |
| 12 | Nagayama et al. (2018) [41] n = 90 (60) |
Liver, abd. aorta | 45 vs. 45 | 64-MDCT vs. SSdl 128-MDCT | 120 kVp, 140–266 mA vs. 80–201 mA, collim. 0.625, 5.0/5.0 mm, 0.5 s, pitch 0.798, iDose 3 vs. Spectral level 3, HAP (bolus track., 150 HU in abd. aorta, +18 s), PVP (+55 s), EP (+160 s) | Iohexol 300 or iopamidol 370, 600 mgI/kg vs. 300 mgI/kg, rate adjusted for 30 s IT | 13.4 (2.3) vs. 12.3 (2.3) † |
| 13 | Kim et al. (2019) [36] n = 94 (75) |
Liver, portal v., pancreas, abd. aorta | 94 * | DS 128-MDCT | 100 kVp (ATVM), 180 mA, collim. 0.6 mm, 3.0 mm, 0.5 s, pitch 0.75 vs. 80/140 kVp, 230/89 mA, collim. 2 × 0.6 mm, 3.0/2.0 mm, 0.33 s, pitch 0.7, SAFIRE 2/5; HAP (bolus track., 100 HU in abd. aorta, +17 s), PVP (60–65 s), DP (180 s) |
Iopromide 370 vs. 30%-diluted iopromide 370, 1.5 mL/kg, rate adjusted for 30 s IT | 25.4 vs. 27.0 944.9 vs. 973.2 |
| 14 | Han et al. (2019) [35] n = 41 (28) |
Portal v. | 21 vs. 20 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, NI 10, 0.6 s, pitch 1.375 vs. 80/140 kVp, 0.5 s, pitch 1.375:1; ATCM, collim. 0.625 mm, 1.25 mm, ASIR 40%, PVP (60 s) |
Ioversol350, 0.6 gI/kg vs. 0.3 gI/kg, rate adjusted for 30 s IT | 12.76 (4.83) vs. 14.47 (4.81); 395.05 (149.64) vs. 324.18 (101.41) |
| 15 | Shuman et al. (2019) [21] n = 62 (40) |
Kidneys, urinary tract, renal art. and v. | 31 vs. 31 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, ATCM (290–800 mA), NI 36, 0.5–0.8 s vs. 80/140 kVp, 500–640 mA, 0.5–1.0 s; collim. 0.625, 2.5/2.5 mm, pitch 1.375, ASIR 70%, NP (90 s), DP (10 min) |
Iohexol 350, 125 mL, 3 mL/s vs. iodixanol 270, 81 mL, 2 mL/s | 13.1 (6) vs. 14.7 (4) |
| 16 | Lennartz et al. (2020) [37] n = 78 (48) |
Liver, portal v., pancreas, kidneys, abd. aorta | 37 vs. 41 | SSdl 128-MDCT | 120 kVp, ATCM, collim. 0.625 mm, 2.0/2.0 mm, 0.33 s, pitch 0.7, PVP (bolus track., 150 HU in desc. aorta +50 s) | iohexol350, 100 mL vs. 50 mL, 3.5 mL/s | 10.4 (2.4) vs. 10.3 (2.3) |
| 17 | Carrascosa et al. (2014) [43] n = 80 (56) |
Thoraco-abd. aorta | 20 vs. 20 vs. 20 vs. 20 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, 250–350 mA, 2.0/1.0 mm, ASIR 40% vs. 80/140 kVp, 250–375 mA; 2.0/1.0 mm, 0.350 s, bolus track. |
Iobitridol 350, 60–100 mL (based on BMI), 4–4.5 mL/s vs. 50/40/30% of standard dose, 2.5–4 mL/s | N/A |
| 18 | Liu et al. (2016) [45] n = 127 (81) |
Abd. aorta | 58 vs. 69 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, ATCM, NI 10 vs. 80/140 kVp, 375 mA; 5.0/1.25 mm, pitch 1.2, ASIR50%, AP bolus track., 150 HU in abd. aorta +5.6 s) |
Iohexol 350 vs. iodixanol 270, 100 mL, 5 mL/s | 20.10 (4.99) vs. 10.76 (0.00) †; 882.93 290.71) vs. 573.58 (57.39) † |
| 19 | Agrawal et al. (2016) [42] n = 66 (52) |
Abd. aorta | 64 * | 16 o 64-MDCT vs. SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, ATCM, NI 15–30, collim. 0.625 mm, 1.5/1.0 mm, 0.5 s, pitch 1.375, ASIR30–60%, AP (bolus track.), DP (120 s) vs. 80/140 kVp, 600 mA, collim. 0.625 mm, 1.5/1.0 mm, 0.5 (<91 kg)/0.8 s (≥91 kg); pitch 1.375, AP (bolus track.), DP (70 s) | Iopamidol 370, 80 or 100 mL, 3.5 mL/s vs. iodixanol 270 or 320, 80–100 or 75 mL, 3 or 2.8 mL/s | 14.4 (3) vs. 15.2 (2); 781 (237) vs. 814 (176) |
| 20 | Hou et al. (2017) [44] n = 120 (86) |
Asc. and desc. aorta, celiac, renal and iliac art. | 40 vs. 40 vs. 40 | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, ATCM (max 600 mA), NI 12, ASIR 40% vs. 80/140 kVp, 360 mA, ASIR50%; 1.25/1.25 mm, 0.6 s, pitch 1.375:1, bolus track. (50 HU in asc. aorta, +0.6 s) |
Iohexol 350, 70 mL, 5 mL/s vs. 0.6 or 0.4 mL/kg, rate = CV/(delay time + exposure time) | 9.3 (2.8) vs. 7.4 vs. 7.4 †; 653.0 (219.1) vs. 505.8 (22.9) vs. 490.3 (26.3) † |
| 21 | Patino et al. (2019) [46] n = 52 (45) |
Abd. aorta | 52 vs. 26 vs. 26 | 16 or 64 or 128-MDCT vs. SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, ATCM (75–550 mA, NI 15–18) or QRM 220 mA, collim. 0.625 mm, 2.5/2.5 or 2 mm, 0.5 s, 1.375/1, ASIR 30–50% or SAFIRE 3, bolus track. (80/100 HU in desc. aorta, +12 s [AP]), DP (120 s) vs. 80/140 kVp, fixed 550/630 mA, 2.5/2.5 mm, pitch 1.531, ASIR70%, AP (bolus track., 80/100 HU in desc. Aorta +12 s), DP (60 s) | Iopamidol 370, 80 mL (≤91 kg)/90 mL (>91 kg), 3.5 mL/s vs. iodixanol 270, 60 mL, 3 mL/s or iodixanol 320, 50 mL, 2.8 mL/s | 12.8 (5.7) vs. 15.1 ± 2.2 ‡; 1114 (468) vs. 788 (166) † |
| 22 | Sugawara et al. (2019) [47] n = 21 (10) |
Abd. aorta, celiac and sup. mesenteric art. | 21 * | SSrs 64-MDCT | 120 kVp, NI 12, 0.4 s vs. 80/140 kVp; ATCM, collimation 0.625 mm, 1.25/1.25 mm, pitch 1.375, ASIR40%, AP (40 s) |
Iopamidol 300, 600 mgI/kg vs. 300 mgI/kg, rate adjusted for 30 s IT | 9.84 (4.31) vs. 13.40 (4.58) ‡; 577.7 (279.6) vs. 920.0 (358.1) † |
* In-patient comparison; † p < 0.01; ‡ p < 0.05; n = number of male patients. SSrs, single-source rapid switching; SSdl, single-source dual layer; DS, dual-source; MDCT, multidetector computed tomography; BMI, body mass index; ATCM, automated tube current modulation; ATVM, automated tube voltage modulation; NI, noise index; QRM, quality reference mAs; DRI, dose right index; ASIR, adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction; FBP, filtered back projection; SAFIRE, sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction; AP, arterial phase; PP, pancreatic phase; HAP, hepatic arterial phase; PVP, portal venous phase; NP, nephrographic phase; DP, delayed phase; EP, equilibrium phase; CV, contrast volume; IT, injection time; DLP, dose length product; CTDIvol, volume CT dose index; N/A, not available.