Table 2.
Studies investigating the association between the natural environment and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; ATSDR: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft
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| STUDY | STUDY PLACE/YEAR | DATABASE UTILIZED | INDEX | ASSOCIATION WITHIN THE CV EXPOSOME |
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| Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11 European cohorts from the ESCAPE Project | Europe/2014 | European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) | Ambient air pollution | Long-term exposure to airborne pollutants and increasing incidence of acute coronary events |
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| Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Mortality From Myocardial Infarction | China/2021 | National mortality surveillance system in Hubei province | Ambient air pollution | Short-term exposure to air pollution and worse myocardial infarction outcomes |
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| Risk of nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in relation to long-term exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter: a Canadian national-level cohort study | Canada/2012 | 1991–2001 Canadian census mortality | Ambient air pollution | Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and greater cardiovascular mortality |
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| Spatiotemporal Trends of Stroke Burden Attributable to Ambient PM2.5 in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990–2019: A Global Analysis | Global/2023 | Global Burden of Disease study 2019 | Ambient air pollution | Ambient PM2.5 exposure and greater stroke burden |
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| Disparities in Excess Blood Pressure Across the U.S. Associated With Air Pollution Exceeding WHO Guidelines | USA/2024 | CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index | Ambient air pollution | Air pollution and racial disparities in excess blood pressure |
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| Air Pollution and Adverse Cardiovascular Events After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting | USA/2024 | VA Surgical Quality Initiative Project (VASQIP) | Ambient air pollution | Increased major adverse cardiovascular events and air pollution after CABG |
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| Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction: A population-based study of 5.1 million Canadian adults living in Ontario | Canada/2019 | Ontario Population Health and Environment Cohort (ONPHEC) | Ambient air pollution | Air pollution and greater incidence of congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction |
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| Long-term exposure to ozone and cardiovascular mortality in China: a nationwide cohort study | China/2022 | China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance (CCDRFS) | Ozone | Long-term exposure to ozone and increased cardiovascular mortality |
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| Long-Term Exposure to Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter and Risk of Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Results from Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease Mexican Study | Mexico/2022 | Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) study | Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter | Long-term exposure to ozone and PM2.5 and worse premature coronary artery disease outcomes |
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| Association of Blood Lead level with Elevated Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients | USA/2021 | NHANES | Lead | Blood lead levels and increased prevalence of hypertension |
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| Quantifying lead-attributable cardiovascular disease burden in the United States | USA/2024 | The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study | Lead | Lead-related cardiovascular burden disparities |
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| Outdoor artificial light at night and incident cardiovascular disease in adults: A national cohort study across China | China/2024 | China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) | Light pollution | Outdoor artificial light at night and increased risk of cardiovascular disease |
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