Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Total (n = 77,409) |
Non-Drinker (n = 54,069) |
Within-the-Guideline Drinker (n = 5399) |
Above-the-Guideline Drinker (n = 17,941) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | <0.001 | ||||
| 20–39 | 1114 (1.4) | 558 (1.0) | 104 (1.9) | 452 (2.5) | |
| 40–64 | 41,972 (54.2) | 25,786 (47.7) | 3115 (57.7) | 13,071 (72.9) | |
| 65+ | 34,323 (44.4) | 27,725 (51.3) | 2180 (40.4) | 4418 (24.6) | |
| Male | 58,457 (75.5) | 36,128 (66.8) | 5112 (94.7) | 17,217 (96.0) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 67,516 (87.2) | 47,349 (87.6) | 4646 (86.1) | 15,521 (86.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26,883 (34.7) | 19,456 (36.0) | 1502 (27.8) | 5925 (33.0) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 70,288 (90.8) | 48,926 (90.5) | 4929 (91.3) | 16,433 (91.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 35,294 (45.6) | 30,141 (55.7) | 1660 (30.8) | 3493 (19.5) | |
| Ex-smoker | 29,808 (38.5) | 17,512 (32.4) | 2950 (54.6) | 9346 (52.1) | |
| Current smoker | 12,307 (15.9) | 6416 (11.9) | 789 (14.6) | 5102 (28.4) | |
| Regular exercise | 18,119 (23.4) | 11,734 (21.7) | 1585 (29.4) | 4800 (26.8) | <0.001 |
| Low income (lower quintile) | 14,615 (18.9) | 10,681 (19.8) | 891 (16.5) | 3043 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | <0.001 | ||||
| Underweight (˂18.5) | 1045 (1.4) | 876 (1.6) | 59 (1.1) | 110 (0.6) | |
| Normal weight (18.5–23) | 19,742 (25.5) | 14,542 (26.9) | 1396 (25.9) | 3804 (21.2) | |
| Overweight (23–25) | 21,399 (27.6) | 14,863 (27.5) | 1634 (30.2) | 4902 (27.3) | |
| Obese (25–30) | 31,524 (40.7) | 21,300 (39.4) | 2133 (39.5) | 8091 (45.1) | |
| Morbidly obese (≥30) | 3699 (4.8) | 2488 (4.6) | 177 (3.3) | 1034 (5.8) | |
| Height, cm | 163.4 ± 8.8 | 161.8 ± 9.1 | 166.6 ± 6.7 | 167.5 ± 6.5 | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 66.4 ± 11.1 | 64.8 ± 11.1 | 68.4 ± 9.7 | 70.8 ± 10.5 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 85.5 ± 8.0 | 85.0 ± 8.2 | 85.7 ± 7.4 | 87.0 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | |||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.8 ± 1.6 | 13.6 ± 1.6 | 14.3 ± 1.4 | 14.4 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 111.2 ± 35.2 | 111.1 ± 35.7 | 108.4 ± 33.8 | 112.4 ± 34.0 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 150.1 ± 39.5 | 149.6 ± 37.8 | 148.5 ± 52.1 | 152.0 ± 40.2 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL, median (IQR) |
117.9 (117.5, 118.3) | 114.4 (114.0, 114.9) | 111.1 (109.6, 112.6) | 129.0 (128.0, 130.1) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 126.0 ± 15.7 | 126.1 ± 16.0 | 124.8 ± 15.1 | 126.1 ± 15.1 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76.3 ± 10.0 | 76.0 ± 10.1 | 76.1 ± 9.7 | 77.6 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
Figures are numbers (percentage) of patients for categorical variables or mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables unless stated otherwise. BMI = body mass index; IQR = interquartile range.