Table 1.

Adverse effects described with the use of probiotic species.

Probiotic	Population	Condition for the Administration	Reported Adverse Effect	References
Saccharomyces boullardi	Immunocompromised; Neutropenia; Central venous cathether fungal infection	Treatment or prevention of diarrhea	Fungemia	[24,25,26,27]
Saccharomyces cerevisae	Newborns			[28]
Lactobaccillus rhamnosus	11-month-old baby with short bowel syndrome	Diarrhea resulting from tube feeding	Bacteremia	[29]
	Woman undergoing aortic valve replacement	Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis supplementation	Sepsis	[30]
	Man with mitral valve regurgitation	Preserving the intestinal flora after antibiotic treatment	Endocarditis	[31]
Lactobacillus acidophilis	5-year-old child	Complement in the treatment of short bowel syndrome	D-lactic Acidosis	[32]
Lactobacillus casei	Immunocompetent patient	Complement in the treatment of diverticulitis	Bacteremia	[33]
Bacillus spp.	Cancer patients	Feeding tube-associated diarrhea	Bacteremia	[34]
Bacillus subtillis	Man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia	Treatment/Prevention of gastrointestinal disorders	Sepsis	[35]
Probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus + Bifidobacterium + Streptococcus	Patients with pancreatitis	Evaluation of the reduction of pancreatitis complications	Intestinal Ischemia	[36]
	From infancy to adolescence	Treatment of antibiotic- associated diarrhea	Gastrointestinal side effects	[37]
	Effects on cytokine secretion and dendritic cell function culminating in immune system stimulation			[38]
Lactobacillus reuteri	Contains plasmid encoding chloramphenicol resistance which may result in genetic transfer of the probiotic for pathogenic bacteria			[39]