Table 3.
State–Trait Anxiety Inventory results within groups.
| Questionnaires | VR Group | Control Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (N = 60) | FU (N = 49) |
Δ VR Group * | Within-Group p-Value ** |
Baseline (N = 61) | FU (N = 51) |
Δ Control Group * | Within-Group p-Value ** |
|
| STAI (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory) |
||||||||
| State Anxiety score (20–80) | 38.00 ± 11.99 |
39.90 ± 11.75 |
1.82 [−0.88; 4.51] |
0.16 | 39.21 ± 8.76 |
40.18 ± 9.51 |
0.78 [−1.20; 2.76] |
0.35 |
| Trait Anxiety score (20–80) | 29 (10) |
27.00 (12) |
−1.24 [−2.80; 0.31] |
0.13 | 30.03 ± 6.97 |
29.65 ± 6.82 |
−0.10 [−1.63; 1.43] |
0.85 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range (IQR). * Δ Intervention group and Δ control group are equal to mean change in score (FU—baseline). ** Within-group differences were investigated using Wilcoxon signed-rank testing. VR = virtual reality, FU = follow-up.