Figure 5.

Manuka treatment causes the apoptosis of normal fibroblast cells. (A) CUA-4 normal fibroblast cells were plated into 100 mm plates, serum-starved overnight, and treated for 4 h with 1000 µg/mL of manuka essential oil. Controls were left untreated. Western blot analysis was performed using anti-PARP antibodies (Cell Signaling). Actin detection confirms equivalent loading. (B) The densitometry of the cleaved PARP bands. * results are the average of 11 independent experiments and were found to be significant using a t test (p < 0.10).