Table 1.

Angolan medicinal plants used for microbial and bacterial infections.

Species	Family	Part(s) Used	Traditional Uses	References
Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anderson	Acanthaceae	Root	Cystitis, pains, endometritis, urogenital infections, aches, leucorrhoea, urethral pain, urinary disease and furuncle	[43,44]
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench	Malvaceae	Leaves, fruits, seeds, pods	Depression, ulcers, sore throats, pulmonary inflammations and gastrointestinal irritations	[51,54]
Aframomum alboviolaceum (Ridl.) K. Schum.	Zingiberaceae	Leaves	Cure headache, cough, fever, amoebic dysentery, haemorrhoids, gastritis, myoma, pruritis, hypertension, filarial, malaria, pruritus, and gastritis	[57,58,59,60]
Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll.Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	Whole plant	Venereal diseases, malaria, diarrhoea, wounds, cuts, sores, coughs, colds, eye problems, pigmentation problems, gastrointestinal, headaches, rheumatic pains, urinary disorders; as well as inflammatory disorders, fungal, parasitic, bacterial, parasitic, and disorders	[64,65,67,68,69,70]
Aloe buettneri A. Berger	Asphodelaceae	Root, leaves	Wounds, vitiligo, malaria, rheumatism, insect bites, burns and worm sores	[80]
Annona stenophylla Engl. & Diels	Annonaceae	Root, leaves	Coughs, wounds, helminthiasis, cancer, dysentery, diarrhoea, headache, asthma, fever, malaria, dermatitis, mental disorders, diabetes, and peptic ulcers	[87,88,89]
Bridelia ferruginea Benth.	Phyllanthaceae	Root, stem bark, leaves, fruits	Dysentery, arthritis, cough, rashes, constipation, epilepsy, diarrhoea, diuretic, chronic diabetes, asthma, gout, intestinal disorders, thrush, dysentery, gastralgias, rheumatisms, sexually transmitted diseases, contusion, oral infections, bladder disorders, skin diseases, and anaemia	[93,94]
Canarium schweinfurtii Engl.	Burseraceae	Stem bark, resin, leaves	Roundworm infections, skin-affections, dysentery, eczema, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhoids, venereal diseases, hypertension, malaria, fever, gonorrhoea, chest pains, stomach complaints, pulmonary affections, ulcers, leprosy, coughs and wounds	[106,107,108,109]
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.	Asteraceae	Leaves	Malaria, coughs, colds, toothache, stomach problems, diarrhoea, stomach ulcers, wounds, dysentery, skin infections, bacterial and fungal infections	[123,124,128,129]
Clerodendrum splendens G.Don	Lamiaceae	Whole plant	Bruises, vaginal thrush, various skin infections and wound healing	[137,138]
Combretum racemosum P.Beauv.	Fabaceae	Whole plant	Wounds, haemorrhoids, roundworms, gastro-intestinal affections, coughs, toothache, tuberculosis, genito-urinary, male sterility and bleeding during pregnancy	[141,142,143,144,145]
Dioscorea praehensilis Benth.	Dioscoreaceae	Whole plant	Diabetes, stomach pains, rheumatism, haemorrhoids, coughs, skin infections, and diarrhoea	[150,151,152]
Erythrina abyssinica Lam.	Fabaceae	Whole plant	Malaria, tuberculosis, cancer, diabetes, leprosy, syphilis, back pain, yellow fever, anaemia, inflammatory diseases, venereal diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, skin infections, diarrhoea, epilepsy, urinary tract infections, pregnancy-related conditions, vomiting, soft tissue, hepatitis, central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders, helminthiasis, pneumonia, infertility, bacterial and fungal infections	[25,154,155,156,160,161,162,163]
Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn.	Rubiaceae	Whole plant	Diabetes, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases, ascites, hepatitis, wounds, tooth decay, onchocerciasis, hypertension, haemorrhoids, leprosy, blood pressure, female infertility, skin diseases, diarrhoea, liver, cancer, sickle cell disease, rheumatism and yellow fever	[25,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183]
Gloriosa superba L.	Colchicaceae	Whole plant	Wounds, gout, infertility, snakebite, cholera, ulcers, colic, arthritis, kidney problems, sprains, typhus, itching, smallpox, cancer, leprosy, sexually transmitted diseases, bruises, haemorrhoids, skin problems, and nocturnal emission	[186,187,188,189,190,191,192]
Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir.	Hypericaceae	Stem bark, leaves	Asthma, anaemia, tuberculosis, angina, syphilis, dysentery, gonorrhoea, parasitic skin diseases, hypertension, toothache, dysmenorrhea, hepatitis, ulcer, river blindness, malaria, diarrhoea, fever, yellow fever, chest pains and wounds	[194,198,199]
Hymenocardia acida Tul.	Phyllanthaceae	Root, stem bark, leaves	Chest complaints, diarrhoea, toothaches, smallpox, hypertension, headaches, rheumatic pains, abdominal, tumours, jaundice, menstrual pains, abscesses, muscular pains and arthritis	[201,202]
Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. var. edulis	Anacardiaceae	Root, rootbark, stem bark, leaves	Malaria, gonorrhoea, angina pectoris, sexually transmitted diseases, dizziness, dysmenorrhea, schistosomiasis, bilharzia, gastrointestinal problems, diarrhoea, sore eyes, amenorrhea and to dilate birth canal	[208,209,210,211,212,213,214]
Lippia multiflora Moldenke	Verbenaceae	Leaves	Nausea, stomach aches, fevers, coughs, gastrointestinal disturbances, colds, and enteritis	[226,227]
Morinda lucida Benth.	Rubiaceae	Root, stem bark, leaves	Sickle cell disease, fever, cognitive disorders, typhoid fever, trypanosomiasis, malaria, parasitic worms, inflammation, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes	[231,232]
Nauclea latifolia Sm.	Rubiaceae	Whole plant	Fever, malaria, dental problems, ascites, toothaches, infectious diseases hypertension, diarrhoea, dysentery, colic, epilepsy, wounds, hernia, vomiting and health promotion	[239,240,241,242]
Pachira glabra Pasq.	Malvaceae	Stem bark, leaves, seeds	Diarrhoea, stomach pain, and dysentery	[244,245]
Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redh.	Fabaceae	Root, stem bark, leaves	Malaria, ulcers, cough, sore throat, diarrhoea, bronchitis, toothache, leprosy, pyrexia, arthritis, heart pain, wounds, and gingivitis	[250,252]
Piper umbellatum L.	Piperaceae	Whole plant	Colic, malaria, diarrhoea, dysentery, digestive problems, peptic ulcer, dyspepsia, pains, constipation, fever, intestinal parasites, stomach ache, urinary tract infections, bruises, wound healing, swelling, inflammation, rheumatism, and gastrointestinal diseases	[256,257]
Psorospermum febrifugum Spach	Hypericaceae	Whole plant	Epilepsy, skin diseases, wounds, scabies, eczema, pimples, leprosy, malaria, tuberculosis, pneumonia, poison, dysentery, dysmenorrhoea, whooping cough, skin rashes, syphilis, haemorrhoids, and stomach disorders; as well as opportunistic diseases such as watery blisters in genital areas, cryptococcal meningitis, and herpes	[17,21,22,261,262,263,264,265]
Syzygium guineense Wall.	Myrtaceae	Stem bark, leaves, fruits, seeds	Stomach ache, diarrhoea, diabetes mellitus, and typhoid fever	[275,276]
Vitex doniana Sweet	Lamiaceae	Whole plant	Malaria, jaundice, cancer, anaemia, malnutrition, dysentery, leprosy, gonorrhoea, diarrhoea, rickets, ancylostomiasis, backaches, gastro-intestinal disorders, respiratory diseases fevers, stiffness, headache, rash, chickenpox, measles, hemiplegia fever, wounds, eye troubles, colic, burns, kidney troubles stomach complaints, liver diseases, leprosy, and to control bleeding after childbirth	[25,279,280,281]