Table 1.
Passive exoskeletons.
| Name of the Exoskeleton | Passive Element | Supporting Areas | Country of Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ekso EVO [15,16] | Spring Based Actuator | Shoulder | USA |
| Hilti Exo-001 [10,12] | Elastic Straps | Shoulder | USA |
| PULE (Passive Upper Limb Exoskeleton) [17] | Gas Springs | Shoulder | Taiwan |
| Levitate exoskeleton [18,19] | Springs | Shoulder | USA |
| Model-based Biomechanical Exoskeleton [20] | Springs | Shoulder | Germany |
| TasKi [21] | Springs | Shoulder | Japan |
| Skelex 360 [10,22] | Springs | Shoulder | The Netherlands |
| Pole harvesting support exoskeleton [23] | Springs | Shoulder | Malaysia |
| H-Vex [24,25] | Springs | Shoulder | Korea |
| ShoulderX by Suitx [26,27] | Springs | Shoulder | USA |
| Harpos MS [28,29] | Springs | Shoulder & Elbow | France |
| Static upper limb activity supporting exoskeleton [30] | Springs | Arm (Upper Limb) | Switzerland |
| Parallelogram type Exoskeleton [31] | Springs | Arm (Upper Limb) | Switzerland |
| Hero Wear Apex [15,16] | Elastic Straps | Back | USA |
| LiftSuit v2.0 (Auxivo AG) [32,33,34] | Spring (Fabric) | Lower Back | Switzerland |
| Three-layer Fabric Mechanism, Assistive Suit [35] | Elastic Fabric | Lower Back | Japan |
| IPWE (Industrial Passive Waist-assistant Exoskeleton) [35] | Elastic Straps | Lower Back | China |
| Laevo 2.0 [36,37,38] | Elastic Fabrics | Lower Back | The Netherlands |
| VT-Lowe’s Exoskeleton [39,40] | Carbon Fiber Legs | Lower Back | USA |
| Ez-UP [41] | Deformable and Non-Deformable Belts with Quadrilateral structured Elastic Fabric | Back and Upper Limbs | Japan |
| Lower limb energy harvesting and transmission exoskeleton (EHTE) [42] | Flat Spiral Springs | Lower Limbs | China |
| LegX by Suitx [43,44] | Springs | Knees | USA |
| Paexo Back from Ottobock [45] | Springs | Back | Germany |