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. 2024 Nov 4;13(21):3112. doi: 10.3390/plants13213112
Adm. route of administration
AP-1 activator protein-1 transcription factor
CAT catalase
COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2
DOMS delayed onset muscle soreness
Form. formulation
GSH glutathione
H homeopathic
ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule
IFN-γ interferon gamma
IL-12 interleukin-12
IL-1β interleukin -1-beta
IL-6 interleukin-6
MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MMP1 collagenase-1
MMP13 interstitial collagenase-3
NF-kB transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B
O oral
OT oral transmucosal
P phytotherapeutic
ROS reactive oxygen species
SC subcutaneous
SOD superoxide dismutase
STLs sesquiterpene lactones
T topical
TNFα tumor necrosis factor alpha
UHPLC-HRMS ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry
UV ultraviolet