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. 2024 Oct 8;56(11):2407–2421. doi: 10.1038/s41588-024-01939-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — The y-axis (rows) and x-axis (columns) refer to the neuropathology endophenotype pairs with the hierarchical clustering generated by the polychoric correlations calculation. The red and blue color refers to high and low correlations between the neuropathology endophenotype pairs. The three positively correlated clusters of endophenotypes that match general expectations are highlighted by the black solid lines: a ‘vascular’ cluster consisting of gross infarcts, microinfarcts, arteriolosclerosis and atherosclerosis; an ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ cluster consisting of Braak NFT stage, neuritic plaques, amyloid-beta plaques and CAA; and a ‘LATE’ cluster consisting of LATE-NC and HS, respectively.