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. 2024 Sep 16;25(11):5113–5140. doi: 10.1038/s44319-024-00258-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible.

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(A) Sample preparation and single-cell sequencing workflow. (B) UMAP visualization of tumor cell transcriptional clusters. (C) UMAP visualization of tumor cell genotypes (top, control; bottom, Sox10-KD); red, control cells; blue, Sox10-KD cells. (D) UMAP visualization of tumor cell cell cycle phases (G1, blue; S, red; G2/M, yellow). (E) Dot plot summarizing the gene expression of the marker genes (Y axis) of each transcriptional cluster (X axis) shown in (B). The main clusters in Sox10-KD tumors are indicated by the boxes at the bottom. (F) Violin plots of AUCell scores for selected glioblastoma gene signatures in control and Sox10-KD tumor cells: Developmental-like, NSC and OLC-associated, stem cell. Violin plots showing the expression of representative NSC-related genes (Sox2, Nes, and Ptprz1). P values were calculated by unpaired two-tailed Wilcoxon’s rank-sum tests. n = 8336 and 57534 cells in control and KD tumors, respectively. The box-and-whisker plot shows the interquartile range (box), the median AUCell scores or normalized expression values (line inside the box), and the range of data within 1.5 times the interquartile range from the first and third quartiles (whiskers). P values were calculated using unpaired two-tailed Wilcoxon’s rank-sum tests. (G, H) Validation of the upregulation of Sox2 (G) and Nestin (H) in KD tumors. Scale bars = 50 µm. Source data are available online for this figure.