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. 2024 Nov 8;9:213. doi: 10.1038/s41541-024-00964-3

Fig. 2. Flowchart of patient selection for the vaccination group and the infection group in N3C.

Fig. 2

Notes: Adults included in the study were categorized into two groups based on their initial exposure to COVID-19 antigens (vaccines or pathogens) over December 2020 – August 2023. The vaccine group: Firstly those who received COVID-19 vaccines were included, after excluding any preceded infection or follow-up period infection, people younger than 18 years old or had ESKD history, the vaccine group formed; The infection group: Those who were confirmed withCOVID-19 infection after 2020-12-11 were included, after excluding any preceded vaccination or follow-up period vaccination, people younger than 18 years old or had ESKD history, the infection group formed. Abbreviation: ESKD end stage kidney disease, AKI acute kidney injury.