Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Included in COVID-19 Vaccination Group and Infection Group
| Total (N = 6,570,021) no.(%) | Vaccination Group (N = 2,953,219) no.(%) | Infection Group (N = 3,616,802) no.(%) | P-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean(SD), y | 50.06 (18.22) | 52.60 (18.19) | 47.99 (17.97) | <0.001 |
| Age category, y | ||||
| <30 | 1,072,333 (16.3) | 390,224 (13.2) | 682,109 (18.9) | <0.001 |
| 30-49 | 2,183,346 (33.2) | 894,977 (30.3) | 1,288,369 (35.6) | |
| 50-64 | 1,651,881 (25.1) | 774,464 (26.2) | 877,417 (24.3) | |
| 65-90 | 1,662,461 (25.3) | 893,554 (30.3) | 768,907 (21.3) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 4,442,098 (67.6) | 1,961,718 (66.4) | 2,480,380 (68.6) | <0.001 |
| Black | 895,130 (13.6) | 424,031 (14.4) | 471,099 (13.0) | |
| Asian | 212,645 (3.2) | 126,783 (4.3) | 85,862 (2.4) | |
| Other | 289,348 (4.4) | 92,820 (3.1) | 196,528 (5.4) | |
| Unknown | 730,800 (11.1) | 347,867 (11.8) | 382,933 (10.6) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 3,820,272 (58.1) | 1,781,799 (60.3) | 2,035,693 (56.3) | <0.001 |
| Male | 2,756,048 (41.9) | 1,171,420 (39.7) | 1,581,109 (43.7) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 693,295 (10.6) | 326,377 (11.1) | 366,918 (10.1) | <0.001 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 5,265,056 (80.1) | 2,444,651 (82.8) | 2,820,405 (78.0) | |
| Unknown | 611,670 (9.3) | 182,191 (6.2) | 429,479 (11.9) | |
| AKI defined by | ||||
| Only diagnostic codes | 26,466 (0.4) | 3,518 (0.1) | 22,948 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Only Scra changes | 96,724 (1.5) | 11,351 (0.4) | 85,373 (2.4) | |
| Both methods | 73,162 (1.1) | 4,752 (0.2) | 68,410 (1.9) | |
| Previous AKI history | 91,699 (1.4) | 48,000 (1.6) | 43,699 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1,297,616 (19.8) | 707,056 (23.9) | 590,560 (16.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 271,745 (4.1) | 144,695 (4.9) | 127,050 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 189,004 (2.9) | 102,316 (3.5) | 86,688 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 711,533 (10.8) | 379,434 (12.8) | 332,099 (9.2) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 574,859 (8.7) | 300,759 (10.2) | 274,100 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Period of strains | ||||
| P1: Alpha | - | - | 713,347 (19.7) | <0.001 |
| P2: Delta | - | - | 1,280,905 (35.4) | <0.001 |
| P3: Omicron | - | - | 1,622,550 (44.9) | <0.001 |
| Vaccine type | ||||
| mRNA | - | 2,645,093 (89.6) | - | <0.001 |
| Viral vector | - | 172,269 (5.8) | - | <0.001 |
| Unknownc | - | 135,857 (4) | - | <0.001 |
a Abbreviation for Serum Creatinine.
b Comparisons are made between the COVID-19 group and COVID-19 vaccination group using t-tests for continuous variables and Chi-square tests for categorical variables.
c Types of COVID-19 vaccine were not reported.