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. 2024 Nov 8;15:9669. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54067-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a This figure illustrates the use of a device server based on TCP/IP to create a homogeneous experimental environment, even with multiple devices based on different OS or programming languages. b This figure illustrates an example of experimental processes from multiple laboratories across different nations. Modules for material synthesis, characterization, and property evaluation can be joined into a single platform by leveraging internal (red line) or external (blue line) TCP/IP-based networks. c The flow chart depicts algorithms for the heartbeat and shutdown function with a UDP-based broadcast, ensuring stability between the master node, module node, and experimental devices. d This figure illustrates an example of a versatile platform, where different sets of modules can be used for diverse applications.