Table 3.
- Frequency of tuberous sclerosis associated neuropsychiatric disorders features among tuberous sclerosis patients (n=29).
| TAND features | Present | Absent | Percentages (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temper tantrum | 5 | 24 | 17.24% |
| Aggressive outbursts | 8 | 21 | 27.59% |
| Anxiety | 1 | 28 | 3.45% |
| Depressed mood | 8 | 21 | 27.59% |
| Self-injury | 1 | 28 | 3.45% |
| Difficulties paying attention | 18 | 11 | 62.07% |
| Overactivity/hyperactivity | 11 | 18 | 37.93% |
| Impulsivity | 8 | 21 | 27.59% |
| Absent or delayed onset of language to communicate | 21 | 8 | 72.41% |
| Poor eye contact | 13 | 16 | 44.83% |
| Repetitive behaviours | 3 | 26 | 10.34% |
| Sleep difficulties | 4 | 25 | 13.79% |
| Difficulties with eating | 5 | 24 | 17.24% |
| Extreme shyness | 1 | 28 | 3.45% |
| Mood swings | 11 | 18 | 37.93% |
| Repeating words or phrases over and over again | 2 | 27 | 6.90% |
| Difficulties getting on with peers | 11 | 18 | 37.93% |
| Very rigid or inflexible about how to do things | 7 | 22 | 24.14% |
| Restlessness or fidgetiness | 1 | 28 | 3.45% |
| ASD | 12 | 16 | 42.86% |
| ADHD | 7 | 22 | 24.14% |
| Intellectual disability | 20 | 9 | 68.97% |
| Reading | 19 | 10 | 65.52% |
| Writing | 20 | 9 | 68.97% |
| Spelling | 20 | 9 | 68.97% |
| Mathematics | 19 | 10 | 65.52% |
| Multitasking | 12 | 17 | 41.38% |
| Memory | 15 | 14 | 51.72% |
| Visuo-spatial tasks | 11 | 18 | 37.93% |
| Cognitive flexibility | 10 | 19 | 34.48% |
| Low self-esteem of the patient | 1 | 28 | 3.45% |
| Family stress | 9 | 20 | 31.03% |
| Relational difficulties of the patient | 6 | 23 | 20.69% |
Values are presented as numbers and percentages (%).
TAND: tuberous sclerosis complex associated neuropsychiatric disorders, ASD: autistic spectrum disorder, ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder