Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and echocardiographic key parameters
| EiAC total (N = 41) | EiAC non-LTVA (n = 30) | EiAC LTVA (n = 11) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age, y | 45 ± 13 | 46 ± 13 | 44 ± 14 | .79 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 | 23 ± 3 | .03 |
| BSA, m2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 1.99 ± 0.2 | .12 |
| Height, cm | 183 ± 8 | 184 ± 8 | 183 ± 9 | .81 |
| Weight, kg | 85 ± 14 | 88 ± 13 | 79 ± 14 | .07 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 135 ± 18 | 138 ± 16 | 125 ± 20 | .08 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 82 ± 12 | 82 ± 12 | 80 ± 13 | .64 |
| Exercise dose, MET-hours | 9893 (5200–20,000) | 10,088 (7019–20,389) | 7215 (3120–18,200) | .21 |
| MET-hours/year | 3686 (2080–5294) | 3907 (2219–6230) | 3029 (2080–5250) | .78 |
| Hours per year | 388 (260–600) | 441 (251–671) | 366 (260–600) | .97 |
| Intensity, METs | 9 (8.5–10) | 9 (9–10) | 8.5 (7.5–9) | .03 |
| Follow-up, mo | 80 (48–115) | 70 (42–106) | 112 (91–178) | <.001 |
| Medication | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 27 | 17 (56) | 10 (90) | .06 |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 2 | 2 (7) | 0 | |
| Amiodarone | 2 | 0 | 2 (18) | |
| Flecainide | 3 | 3 (10) | 0 | |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF, % | 55 ± 4 | 55 ± 4 | 56 ± 6 | .46 |
| GLS, % | –15.2 ± 2.7 | –15.2 ± 2.4 | –15.2 ± 3.8 | .98 |
| TAPSE, mm | 25 ± 5 | 26 ± 5 | 24 ± 4 | .15 |
| FAC, % | 39 ± 8 | 38 ± 8 | 42 ± 8 | .15 |
| RVFWSL, % | –23.1 ± 4.5 | –24.4 ± 3.6 | –19.7 ± 4.9 | .01 |
| RVOT, mm | 39 ± 6 | 40 ± 6 | 36 ± 7 | .13 |
| RVD, mm | 48 ± 7 | 49 ± 6 | 47 ± 9 | .43 |
Characteristics and echocardiographic key parameters in 41 EiAC patients, comparing patients without and with life-threatening VA at baseline. Values are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or frequencies with percentages, and compared by unpaired Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.
BMI = body mass index; BSA = body surface area; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; EiAC = exercise-induced arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy; FAC = fractional area change; GLS = global longitudinal strain; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LTVA = life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia; MET = metabolic equivalent of task; RVD = right ventricular diameter; RVFWSL = right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain; RVOT = right ventricular outflow tract; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; VA = ventricular arrhythmias.