Table 1.
Variables | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N (patients) (%) | 48 (29.3) | 47 (28.7) | 69 (42.1) | < 0.0001 |
Age (years), mean (SD) | 63 (7.8) | 65 (8.4) | 70 (5.7) | 0.67 |
Sex: men. N (%) | 25 (52.1) | 23 (48.9) | 38 (55.1) | 0.87 |
Pseudophakic. N (%) | 12 (25) | 19 (40.4) | 38 (55.1) | 0.005 |
DM type | ||||
Type 2. N (%) | 48 (100) | 47 (100) | 69 (100) | |
Insulin use. N (%) | 19 (39.6) | 7 (14.9) | 28 (40.6) | 0.008 |
A1C (%), mean (SD) | 8.2 (1.95) | 8.5 (1.65) | 8.7 (1.48) | 0.279 |
DM, mean duration (years) (SD) | 6 (4) | 7 (3) | 11 (3) | < 0.0001 |
Presence of SAH in DM patients. N (%) | 18 (37.5) | 15 (31.9) | 35 (50.7) | > 0.05 |
Serum creatinine, mean (SD) | 0.90 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.35)* | 1.1 (0.36)* | 0.003 |
Vision loss duration, mean (years) (SD) | 0.25 (0.4) | 2.62 (1.5) | 4.4 (2.1) | < 0.0001 |
Ophthalmic Measurements | ||||
Visual acuity (LogMAR), mean (SD) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.15 (0.11) | 0.45 (0.21) | < 0.0001 |
Central macular thickness (µm), mean (SD) | 281.5 (15.8)* | 324.2 (43.6)* | 479.2 (106.9)* | < 0.001 |
DR classification. N (%) | ||||
DM without DR | 22 (45.8) | 0 | 0 | |
Mild NPDR | 15 (31.3) | 2 (4.2) | 0 | |
Moderate NPDR | 11 (22.9) | 25 (53.2) | 16 (23.2) | |
Severe NPDR | 0 | 14 (29.8) | 36 (52.2) | |
PDR | 0 | 6 (12.8) | 17 (24.6) |
Legends: *p < 0.05; A1C, glycated hemoglobin; DM, diabetes mellitus; SAH, systemic arterial hypertension; DR, diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy