Fig. 1.

Characterization of the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of A. cinnamomea extract in vitro. (A) MRC-5 cells were incubated without or with xanthine (2.5 mU.mL)-xanthine oxidase (XO) and co-treated with A. cinnamomea (A.C.) extract for 2 h (filled bar), or without A. cinnamomea treatment (empty bar). At the end of treatment, cells were harvested for cell viability measurement by crystal violet staining. (B–D) Effects of A. cinnamomea on the pro-inflammatory cytokines expression of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The cells were treated with LPS (10 ng/ml) in the presence of A. cinnamomea for 4 h (emtpy bars) and or 18 h (filled bars). The mRNA levels of pro-IL-1β (B), iNOS (C) and IL-6 (D) were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Values were normalized to β-actin and are expressed relative to the respective control group. ∗∗p < 0.01.