Table 3.
Overview of tasks and contrasts by category.
| Author, date | Drug | Task/Stimulus | Contrasts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Facial emotions | |||
| Alba-Ferrara 2016 | Alcohol | Alcohol-Emotion-Picture fMRI paradigm | alcoholic > non-alcoholic beverages, angry > happy faces, sad > happy faces, angry > sad faces |
| Charlet 2014 | Alcohol | Implicit facial information processing task | aversive faces > neutral shapes |
| O’Daly 2012 | Alcohol | Facial expression recognition task (fear) | fear > neutral |
| Salloum 2007 | Alcohol | Facial emotion-decoding task | high emotional facial expression > baseline, high emotional facial expression > low emotional facial expression |
| Marinkovic 2009 | Alcohol | Emotional (negative, positive, neutral) words and faces encoding and recognition | faces > words, deep > shallow, negative > positive > neutral |
| Schmidt 2014 | Opioids | Fearful faces processing | 100% fearful faces > neutral faces, 50% fearful faces > neutral faces |
| Schmidt 2015 | Opioids | Fearful faces processing | 100% fearful faces > neutral faces, 50% fearful faces > neutral faces |
| Affective images | |||
| Gilman 2008 | Alcohol | High-arousal negative and positive images paired with alcoholic or non-alcoholic cues | negative non-alcohol > positive non-alcohol |
| Kim 2014 | Alcohol | Craving-inducing cues (CIC) and aversion-inducing cues (AIC) | AIC > control, CIC > control |
| Wetherill 2014 | Cannabis | Exposure to cannabis, sexual, and aversive cues presented in a backward-masking paradigm | sexual > neutral, cannabis > sexual, aversive > neutral, cannabis > aversive |
| Zimmermann 2018 | Cannabis | Passive viewing of negative, positive and neutral standardised images | negative > neutral, positive > neutral |
| Asensio 2010 | Cocaine | Letter discrimination task with affective pictures as background | unpleasant > neutral, neutral > unpleasant, pleasant > unpleasant, unpleasant > pleasant, pleasant > neutral, neutral > pleasant |
| Canterberry 2016 | Cocaine | Passive viewing of high-arousal negative and positive and emotionally neutral standardised images | positive > neutral, negative > neutral |
| Wang 2010 | Opioids | Passive viewing of standardised affective pictures | neutral > rest, negative > neutral, positive > neutral |
| Emotion regulation (reappraisal or evaluation) | |||
| Jansen 2019 | Alcohol | Emotion reappraisal task | attend > reappraise, reappraise > attend, attend alcohol > attend neutral, attend negative > attend neutral, attend positive > attend neutral |
| Wesley 2016 | Cannabis | Evaluation of emotional (i.e., emotional evaluation) or neutral (i.e., neutral evaluation) stimuli | positive + negative > neutral, positive > neutral, negative > neutral |
| Albein-Urios 2014 | Cocaine | Negative emotion re-appraisal task | maintain (negative) > observe (neutral), suppress (negative) > maintain (negative) |
| Script-driven imagery | |||
| Seo 2013 | Alcohol | Individualised script-driven imagery of stressful personal experiences | stress > neutral-relaxing, alcohol > neutral-relaxing |
| Zakiniaiez 2017 | Alcohol | Individualised script-driven imagery of stressful personal experiences | alcohol > neutral, stress > neutral |
| Potenza 2012 | Cocaine | Individualised script-driven imagery of drug, stress and neutral situations | stress > neutral, drug > neutral |
| Sinha 2005 | Cocaine | Guided imagery and stress recall | personal stress > personal neutral |
| Xu 2013 | Cocaine | Personalised script-driven imagery | stress > neutral, drug > neutral |
| Other | |||
| Yang 2013 | Alcohol | CS paired with uncertain, physically painful unconditioned stressor | high threat > low threat |
| Smoski 2011 | Opioids | Emotional oddball task | negative > neutral distractor |
AIC aversion-inducing cues, CIC craving-inducing cues, CS conditioned stimulus, fMRI functional magnetic resonance imaging.