Table 4.

Recommendations from community members regarding larval source management

Theme	Recommendations	Example Quotes
Awareness and Education	Conduct awareness campaigns to educate and answer questions about the impacts of LSM on people, livestock, and the environment	"Community members might reject [the idea] initially due to a lack of understanding. Education should be provided first, then once people understand, they will accept it." (Female farmer)
Guidelines for Larviciding	Provide clear guidelines on the dosage and timing of larvicides to ensure safe usage	“We need guidance to inform us on the appropriate time for spraying and the correct dosage to avoid unintentional harm to other beings." (Male farmer)
Local Involvement	Train and involve local community members in LSM implementation to build trust and ensure program ownership	“If I see a local person, someone from our own village, doing the larviciding, I will have more faith than if it were strangers who I don’t know their intentions.” (Male farmer)
Timing of Implementation	Carefully plan the timing of LSM to align with seasonal variations and community readiness	"The rainy season is the best time for spraying chemical, as many puddles and mosquito breeding places are at its peak. That's when the larvicide should be applied." (Female farmer)
Government Mandate	Advocate for government-mandated LSM activities, including environmental cleaning and removal of stagnant water	“In my view, for people to engage in this exercise, the government should set a specific day for cleaning, like the 'Magufuli Saturday', where everyone knows they should be cleaning around their premises." (Male farmer)
Alternative Water Sources	If water sources are modified or removed, provide alternative sources for community use	"Abandoned pits near homes can be filled, but those used for community activities, like domestic purposes, watering animals, construction activities like building clinics or schools, can be difficult for the community to agree." (Female farmer)