Table 1.
Characteristics of all included studies
| Author | Year | N | Region | Design | Definition | Severity | Source | NOS Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anderson [18] | 2019 | 400 | Non-Asia | MC, PC | Sepsis 3.0, sepsis 2.0 | Sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock | Plasma | 8 |
| Belli [13] | 2022 | 35 | Non-Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Septic shock | Plasma | 9 |
| Beurskens [12] | 2020 | 21 | Non-Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis, septic shock | Plasma | 8 |
| Davis [19] | 2010 | 83 | Non-Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 1.0 | Sepsis, severe sepsis | Plasma | 7 |
| Fang [20] | 2015 | 440 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 2.0 | SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock | Serum | 7 |
| Inkinen [21] | 2019 | 619 | Non-Asia | MC, RC | Sepsis 1.0 | Sepsis, septic shock | Plasma | 9 |
| Karamouzos [14] | 2021 | 128 | Non-Asia | MC, RC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis | Plasma | 9 |
| Kazune [22] | 2019 | 89 | Non-Asia | MC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Septic shock | Plasma | 8 |
| Kranidioti [23] | 2009 | 90 | Non-Asia | MC, PC | Sepsis 1.0 | Sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock | Serum | 7 |
| Palud [24] | 2015 | 20 | Non-Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 2.0 | Septic shock | Plasma | 7 |
| Ricciuto [25] | 2011 | 70 | Non-Asia | MC, PC | Modified sepsis 1.0 | Severe sepsis | Plasma | 8 |
| Seol [26] | 2020 | 145 | Asia | SC, RC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis, septic shock | Plasma | 8 |
| Sexton [27] | 2020 | 86 | Non-Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis | Plasma | 8 |
| Siner [28] | 2009 | 46 | Non-Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 1.0 | Sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock | Serum | 7 |
| Walborn [29] | 2020 | 103 | Non-Asia | MC, RC | Sepsis 1.0, sepsis 2.0 | Sepsis | Plasma | 7 |
| Higgins [30] | 2018 | 166 | Non-Asia | MC, RC | Sepsis 1.0 | Sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock | Plasma | 7 |
| Lin [31] | 2015 | 96 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 1.0 | Severe sepsis | Plasma | 8 |
| Kümpers [32] | 2009 | 21 | Non-Asia | SC, PC | Not mention | Sepsis | Serum | 6 |
| Ma [33] | 2020 | 41 | Asia | SC, RC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis with ARDS | Plasma | 7 |
| Rosenberger [34] | 2023 | 757 | Non-Asia | SC, RC | Sepsis 1.0 | Sepsis | Plasma | 8 |
| Statz [35] | 2018 | 101 | Non-Asia | MC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis, septic shock | Plasma | 8 |
| Villar [36] | 2021 | 232 | Non-Asia | MC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis | Serum | 7 |
| Parikh [37] | 2006 | 22 | Non-Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 2.0 | Sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock | Serum | 7 |
| Chen [38] | 2020 | 36 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis, septic shock | Serum | 7 |
| Guan [39] | 2021 | 110 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Septic shock | Serum | 7 |
| Lei [40] | 2022 | 45 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis with ARDS | Serum | 7 |
| Li [41] | 2018 | 67 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis with ARDS | Serum | 9 |
| Liang [42] | 2021 | 112 | Asia | SC, RC | Not mention | Septic shock | Serum | 7 |
| Sun [43] | 2022 | 103 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis with ARDS | Serum | 9 |
| Wang [44] | 2021 | 180 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 1.0 | Sepsis, severe sepsis | Serum | 8 |
| Wen [45] | 2021 | 79 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis with ARDS | Serum | 8 |
| Wu [46] | 2022 | 75 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 3.0 | Sepsis | Serum | 7 |
| Zhang [47] | 2022 | 85 | Asia | SC, PC | Sepsis 1.0 | Sepsis with ARDS | Serum | 8 |
SC single center, MC multiple centers, PC prospective cohort study, RC retrospective cohort study, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome