Table 1.

Patient characteristics assigned during patient creation

Patient characteristic	Assigned value	Assignment	Sources for case study
General characteristics
Agea	0–115 yr	Drawn from age distribution of country.	UK Office for National Statistics.14
Sexa	Male / Female	Prevalence by age for country.
Access-to-care	None, partial, unlimited	Assigned based on proportion of population for country.	Assumed based on public health care system of UK
CKD-related characteristics
Undergoing dialysis	Yes / No	Prevalence by age and sex for country.	UK Renal Registry Report, 2022.15
Prior kidney transplant	Yes / No
eGFR ratea	0–200 ml/min per 1.73 m2		Health Survey for England 2016, NHS Digital.16
UACRa	0–1500 mg/g		Health Survey for England 2016, NHS Digital.16
CKD stage	No CKD; CKD stages 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5	Assigned based on eGFR and UACR using KDIGO matrix.	KDIGO and NICE guidelines.17,18
CKD diagnosis	Yes / No	Assigned based on diagnosis rates by CKD stage for country.	Hirst et al., 20205
Comorbidities
Diabetesa	Yes / No	General population: prevalence by age and sex for country.	Health Survey for England 2019.19
Hypertensiona	Yes / No	CKD: prevalence by CKD stage for country.
Heart failurea	Yes / No		British Heart Foundation, 2020.20
History of CVD
History of myocardial infarctiona	Yes / No	General population: prevalence by age and sex for country.	British Heart Foundation, 2020.20
History of strokea	Yes / No	CKD: prevalence by CKD stage for country.
Other characteristics
Fast progressora	Yes / No	Assigned based on prevalence in patients with (i) diabetes, (ii) HF, and (iii) without diabetes or heart failure.	Go et al., 201821; George et al., 201722

CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; NHS, National Health Service; NICE, The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; UK, United Kingdom.

^aIncluded in the eGFR decline equation.