Table 1.
Overall patient characteristics and outcomes (N = 332)
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 55.4 (12.49) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 280 (84.3) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 27.02 (4.89) |
| BSA, m2, mean ± SD | 2.01 (0.23) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 99 (30.2) |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 127 (38.3) |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 36 (11.7) |
| History of cardiac surgery, n (%) | 55 (17.7) |
| CPR before Impella support, n (%) | 99 (30.2) |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 107 (32.2) |
| Decompensated ischemic cardiomyopathy | 95 (28.6) |
| Decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy | 90 (27.1) |
| Fulminant myocarditis | 23 (6.9) |
| Other cardiomyopathy | 10 (3.0) |
| Other etiology | 7 (2.1) |
| Temporary mechanical circulatory support | |
| Impella 5.5 (%) | 92 (27.7) |
| Impella 5.0, n (%) | 153 (46.1) |
| Impella CP, n (%) | 87 (26.2) |
| Impella support duration, d, median (IQR) | 9.00 (5.00-14.00) |
| VA-ECLS before/during mAFP support, n (%) | 125 (39.2) |
| VA-ECLS duration, d, median (IQR) | 7.00 (4.00-10.00) |
| Outcomes | |
| 30-d survival rate, % | 87.8 |
| 1-y survival rate, % | 71.1 |
| Heart transplantation after dLVAD, n (%) | 32 (9.6) |
| Recovery and weaning from dLVAD, n (%) | 9 (2.6) |
| Right heart failure requiring RVAD implantation, n (%) | 70 (21.1) |
| Early intraoperative | 50 (15.1) |
| Early postoperative | 17 (5.1) |
| Late | 3 (0.9) |
| Reexploration of the surgical field after dLVAD implantation due to bleeding, n (%) | 77 (23.5) |
| Postoperative renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 109 (39.2) |
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | 103 (38.0) |
| Early postoperative stroke, n (%) | 30 (9.04) |
| Cause of death, n (%) | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 41 (12.3) |
| Septic shock | 26 (7.88) |
| Cerebral | 20 (6.0) |
| Respiratory failure | 6 (1.8) |
| dLVAD failure/thrombosis | 3 (0.9) |
| Hemorrhagic shock | 5 (1.5) |
| Palliative/malignancy | 6 (1.8) |
| Unknown | 8 (2.4) |
| Postoperative complications, EP100PY | |
| Ischemic stroke | 8.16 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 3.88 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 9.59 |
| Driveline infection | 16.53 |
| Pump thrombosis | 4.29 |
| Total number of patient-years | 490 |
BMI, Body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; IQR, interquartile range; VA-ECLS, venoarterial extracorporeal life support; mAFP, microaxial flow pump; dLVAD, durable left ventricular assist device; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; EP100PY, events per 100 patient-years.